Narrative Techniques in Wuthering Heights

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"Wuthering Heights" by Emily Bronte is one of the most popular novels of the 19th century and uses elements of the Romantic and Gothic movements to weave a multi-generational story of love, revenge and the supernatural. One of the most distinctive elements of "Wuthering Heights" is its complex narrative structure. Understanding this structure can open up a world of meaning to the discerning reader. The novel employs two primary narrators: Lockwood and Nelly. Lockwood is Heathcliff's tenant in the present day, and he wants to learn more about the mysterious man. His narration provides a frame narrative for the story. Lockwood learns the back story of Heathcliff, Catherine and the other residents of Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange from the housekeeper, Nelly. Her narration provides the internal narrative, which is focused in the past. Other characters provide important narration through their dialogue to Nelly. By using Lockwood as the external narrator, Bronte creates some distance from the events. Then, when introducing Nelly's narrative, supported by the other characters' narratives, the novel takes on the tone of a stage drama. All of the narrators are considered unreliable, creating more intrigue around the suspenseful story. The difficulty facing the author at the beginning if the novel was to find a method by which the reader could be introduced into the household of the Heights, so that its characters and its ambience could be understood. The purpose of Bronte’s narrative is to draw the reader into a position where he can only judge its events from within. Lockwood presents the normal outsider or the reader, by drawing him into the penetralium, the reader is cleverly introduced to the realities of this hostile and bewildering environment. The narrative form poses severe limitations for the author in that she cannot use her own voice, the story must
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