They also rated the onlooker more highly if given positive feedback about their performance. This study shows that positive reinforcement, such as praise, will increase the likelihood of an individual rating that person more than they would if they had received no positive feedback. This supports the rewards/need satisfaction theory as it shows that receiving a reward
The introduction of contraception has led to couples having smaller families, therefore meaning that children now tend to receive more attention from their parents. Similarly, parents are also able to care for their children better due to the introduction of the welfare state and child benefits. Climbie’s case and ‘Every Child Matters’ has led to the improvement of social services and child protection, meaning childhood is much safer now than it was 50 years ago. Children are also in better health due to the NHS, meaning more children survive childhood now than ever before. All children can now receive state education up until the age of 18, meaning they are better educated and can achieve much higher in adulthood, whilst experiencing a longer period of youth.
But a review of outcome studies led him to find that psychotherapy does positively affect self-esteem and that improved self-esteem “may be counseling’s most important outcome” (147). Clients come to therapy wanting help with anxiety, depression, eating disorders, sexual problems, relationship difficulties, and a host of other symptoms. Sometimes the symptoms improve; sometimes they persist despite years of intensive work. But most clients do get a sense of greater personal worth from therapy. While specific symptoms may or may not change, clients at least begin to see themselves as more OK, more deserving, more capable.
We will discuss the differentiations between the two studies and how they compare. We will conclude the paper by talking about if there was one effect better than the other. The Mozart Effect is a study to determine whether or not if music helps individuals to achieve responsibilities better (Jenkins, 2001). It has been a proven fact Mozart music from a study has helped in reducing epilepsy (Hughes, 2002). Memory is an element from one of the studies.
Jeffrey Bourguignon Best Evidence Paper EM 6305 Fall 2011 PICO Question In COPD patients, does breathing rehabilitation or anxiolytics produce a greater reduction in anxiety and subsequent dyspnea? Search Strategy The search terms I initially used to find material suitable for this assignment were: COPD, anxiety, pulmonary, rehabilitation, treatment, dyspnea, quality of life. Search Outcome My search returned 80 papers, of which 22 were free full texts. 21 of the papers were relevant to my query and supported pulmonary rehabilitation programs for patients with COPD to reduce anxiety and thus, dyspnea. Relevant Articles Table Article | Patient Group | Study Type | Outcomes | Key Results | Study Weaknesses | 1 | 45 patients - 13 male, 32 female, mean age 67.4 years | Observational Study | Pts who completed pulmonary program showed improvement on all four scales.
What are the main conclusions drawn from research regarding the effect of memory/cognition training? Contrast these theories: Activity theory states that the more active and involved older adults are, the more likely they are to be satisfied with their lives. Socioemotional selectivity theory states that older adults become more selective about their social networks. Because they place a high value on emotional satisfaction, older adults spend more time with familiar individuals with whom they have had rewarding relationships. Selective optimization with compensation theory states that successful aging depends on three main factors: selection, optimization, and compensation (SOC).
Matching Hypothesis PSY220 April 13, 2013 Matching Hypothesis A number of studies support a matching hypothesis as a way of sorting out which goals lead to increased well-being and which do not. The matching hypothesis suggests that the degree of personal-goal fit determines the effect of goal process and goal achievement on wellbeing (Baumgardner & Crothers, 2009, p. 138). In our text it says, pursuit of goals that express or fulfill (i.e., “match”) an individual’s needs, values, motives, or self-conception is more likely to increase well-being than pursuit of goals that do not fit or match with the person. In other words, if you want to increase your happiness and well-being, the “right” goals to pursue are those that fit and express your most important needs, desires, and sense of self (Baumgardner & Crothers, 2009, p. 138). Matching Hypothesis can be based on relationship terms as well, people tend to get with someone that has similar physical attractions as themselves.
These findings therefore support Oswald’s theory of restoration as the research indicates that the function of REM sleep is for the restoration of the brain. Further support for Oswald’s theory is that it has been found that people who are ill spend a greater amount of time in SWS than people who are healthy. This therefore supports Oswald’s theory that the function of NREM sleep is for the restoration of the body through restoring energy resources and the repair and growth of cells, as people who are unwell will need to spend a greater amount of time to allow their body to repair in order for them to fight their illness. Therefore, these findings suggest that the function of NREM sleep is for the restoration of the body, thus supporting Oswald’s theory. Horne rejects Oswald’s suggestion the restoration of the body being a main
The research done in the study Psychosocial treatment for first-episode psychosis showed that psychosocial and pharmacological treatment early on provided better results that if implemented later on, (Penn et al, 2005). I agree with the research and if had the opportunity to continue to review of this documentation would elongate the study to address the long term effects on individual’s
To demonstrate that humans were not mindlessly reacting to situations, but striving to achieve, Maslow studied individuals who were mentally healthy as opposed to those with serious psychological issues (Hoffman 2011). The self-actualized individuals Maslow studied informed his theory that a person enjoys “peak experiences.” These experiences were defined as profound moments of love, understanding, happiness or bliss, during which a person would feel more whole, alive and or self-sufficient. Maslow’s observations concluded that self-actualized people could have many peak experiences throughout a day while others have those experiences less frequently (Hoffman 1992). Maslow concluded in his research and theories that self-actualization could be achieved if the deficiency needs and the growth or being needs of the individual were met. The hierarchy of needs is commonly arranged in the form of a pyramid.