There are several different forms of muscular dystrophy, each of which weakens different muscle groups in various ways. The first type is Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, the most common type of the disease, is caused by a problem with the gene that makes the protein, dystropin. The second type is Becker Muscular Dystrophy, which is similar to Duchenne’s, but it’s symptoms like muscle breakdown and weakness occur at age 10 or even as an adult. The third type is Emery-Driefuss Muscular Dystrophy which affects mostly boys, involves joint problems in muscles, upper arms, and shins. There are also many other types, but these are the most common.
Osteogenesis Imperfecta Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a disease that causes weak bones that break easily. It is known as brittle bone disease. Sometimes the bones break for no known reason. OI can also cause many other problems such as weak muscles, brittle teeth, and hearing loss. About 20,000 to 50,000 people in the United States have OI.OI is caused by one of several genes that aren’t working properly.
Type 1 is the most severe form. Children with type 1 Usher syndrome are born deaf at birth and have major balance problems. Children with type 1 Usher syndrome usually lose their vision by age 10. Type 2 Usher syndrome characteristics include moderate to severe hearing loss at birth but normal balance. Depending on the severity of hearing loss most children with type 2 can benefit from hearing aids and communicate verbally.
Most children who develop asthma have a family history of allergies. Early damage to the lungs caused by cystic fibrosis, premature birth, artificial ventilation in an intensive care unit, and certain viral illnesses (especially respiratory syncytial virus [RSV]) can also cause a predisposition to asthma. The severity of asthma varies greatly from child to child. Mild cases may involve only a cough associated with exercise or at night. The milder forms of the disease are the most common, but asthma in its most severe form can result in a catastrophic shortness of breath that leads to death Many simple steps can be taken to reduce asthma triggers in a child's home.
Unfortunately there is no cure for CP, but there are treatments, therapy, and in some cases sugary to help the child live with the condition. Cerebral Palsy is one of the most common congenital disorders of childhood. An average of half a million adults and children suffer from CP in the United States. This disorder affects both complex and simple muscle coordination and also affects normal vital functions such as breathing, bladder and bowel control, eating and learning. Fortunately CP does not get worse over time.
With Duchenne MD boys will start to show signs as early as the age of three. The disease weakens the skeletal, or voluntary, muscles, in the arms, legs and trunk. This will happen by the early teens or in some cases even earlier, the boy’s heart and the boys respiratory muscles also may be affected by this. Becker MD is a much milder version of Duchenne MD. Becker MD usually will not affect boys till they are in their adolescent years or till they are in their early adulthood.
In the vast majority of cases – 90 to 95 percent – doctors don’t yet know why ALS occurs. About 5 to 10 percent of ALS cases are inherited. ALS often begins with muscle twitching and weakness in an arm or leg, or with slurring of speech. Eventually, ALS affects your ability to control the muscles needed to move, speak, eat and breathe.” “The disorder causes muscle weakness and atrophy throughout the body caused by the degeneration of the upper and lower motor neruons. Unable to function, the muscles weaken and atrophy (No muscle nourishment).
Severity of motor (involuntary movement) and phonic (involulntary noise) abnormalities usually peak early with a reduction of symptoms noticed around age 20 for most people, but severe cases may start in adulthood (Leckman, 2002). Tourette's syndrome is associated with a variety of other mental health disorders including depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and other anxiety disorders. TS are more common in males than females at a ratio of 4 to 1 and more common in Caucasian than African American or Hispanics (Enwefa, 2006). Currently there is no official number of people with TS, but it is estimated that about 100,000 Americans have it (Crews, 2000). There is no known cause of TS, but researcher's have focused on the possibility of chemical imbalance causing abnormal neurotransmission of brain signals (Kozarek, 1992).
Rheumatoid Arthritis is a progressive disease affecting all people of all races equally, it can begin at any age and can even affect children but usually starts between the ages of 40 and 60 and is said to be three times more commonly found in women as in men. Symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis include fatigue, loss of appetite, red swollen painful and tender joints and muscle aches and stiffness usually in the morning or after exercise or activity in particular in the hands wrists feet and knees. Rheumatoid Arthritis can also cause other complications such as ”Sjogren’s syndrome” this is inflammation of the glands of the eyes and mouth which causes dryness of these areas, this can then go on to cause further medical problems. The lungs can also be affected, Rheumatoid inflammation of the lung lining (pleuritus),this can cause chest pain with deep breathing, shortness of breath and coughing. Rheumatoid Arthritis has also been associated with a higher risk of heart attack.
By the age of 60, 100% of the samples had prominent facet arthrosis. The highest prevalence and the greatest severity of arthrosis were found at L4–L5 (Binder D. S. and Nampiaparampil D. E., 2009). Up to 85% of patients with low back pain do not obtain a specific diagnosis even after work up, and the diagnosis of facet joint-mediated pain is no exception. The history, physical examination and imaging studies cannot consistently identify facet joint pain (Binder D. S. and Nampiaparampil D. E., 2009). Facet joint pain is often diagnosed by means of local anesthetic blocks of the medial branches or of the facet joints themselves.