This essay will look at the trait centred view, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and Weiner’s attribution theory (Weiner, 1985) and how they can be applied to Sport and Fitness environments. One view of motivation is that the personality and characteristics of an individual will determine their motivation. This is known as the trait centred view. Motivation is thought to come from inside of the individual. In the trait centred view, ‘psychologists would agree that the motivated behaviour is largely determined by personality, needs and goals of the athlete, exerciser or employee’ (Weinberg and Gould, cited in Rea, 2009, p.79).
The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) was created to help measure the needs for power, intimacy, and achievement in regards to motivation. The motivational view I agree with the least is the psychoanalytic view. “The psychoanalytic view of human motivation suggests that behavior is ultimately determined by unconscious sexual and aggressive drives and by the complex intrapsychic conflicts that arise in daily life.” (Pinel, J.P.J. 2008. p. 299). Freud had some beliefs that I believe have been outdated and further researched since his time.
This personality trait would affect sporting performance if the performer was performing in a team game, the lack of confidence may put them off their game or they may not even get involved. Extroverts on the other hand tend to be confident and are most often found within team games, this trait can also lead to hot headedness and therefore deteriorate their performance in sport as they are no longer concentrated on the task at hand. This can also be said when they have to partake in a sport that involves small muscle movements (as extroverts tend to sway towards the use of large muscle movements) if they’re unable to perform the task at hand they may become aggressive and thus their performance will decrease. One further trait Eysenck indentified was a stable performer; a stable performer tends to be more laid back and has an even temper. In a performance situation this could lead to either laziness or complacency, with their mind wandering off task.
The term motivation refers to an internal state that activates and gives direction to our thoughts, feelings, and actions. Even though there have been numerous definitions that have been given to the term motivation over the years, a common perspective of term is that all motives are triggered by some kind of incentive. In psychology, emotion refers to the experience of feelings. Like motives, emotions also trigger and have an effect on behavior, but it is hard to guess the type of behavior that a specific emotion will stimulate. Motivation and emotions are unmistakably related impressions for three reasons - because both motives and the stimulation of emotion trigger behavior, motives are often associated with emotions, and emotions usually have motivational qualities of their own.
Sport and exercise psychology can be applied to a broad population base, such as elite or recreational athletes, youth, older adults, physically and/or mentally disabled, and chronic disease. Why Sport and Exercise Psychology at McGill? Since Sport and Exercise Psychology are regarded as two separate sub-disciplines, McGill University offers distinct concentrations within the graduate degree. A graduate degree in either sport or exercise psychology will help prepare you for a range of truly stimulating career options in teaching, research, coaching, consulting, or allied health. Sport Psychology focuses on coaching psychology, youth involvement and development, sport-specific personality, motivation, arousal, anxiety, stress, aggression, group cohesion, psychological skills, and gender issues.
Intrinsic motivation exists inside people, in an alternate sense natural inspiration exists in connection in middle of people and exercises. Individuals are characteristically persuaded for a few exercises and not others, and not everybody is inherently inspired for any specific errand. Because intrinsic motivation exists in the nexus between a person and a task, some authors have define intrinsic motivation in terms of task being interesting while others have defined it in terms of satisfactions a person gains from intrinsically motivated task engagement ( Ryan and Deci, 2000, pg.
They suggest that some people actively try and resist conforming to make a stand for a paticular personal belief. They stated that individuals who respond to the majority influence with independance tend to be unconcerned with social norms. This idea of perosnailty effecting conformity is also supported by Zimbardo, who wrote the Lucifer Effect (2007). This talks about social heroism, and those who do not confrom are actrually heros. This comes down to the idea that some people act heroically due to a heroic imagination within the individual.
“It is clear that motivation for sport participation is linked more closely to intrinsic reasons (i.e., challenge, social recognition, and enjoyment), whereas motivation for exercise is tied to more extrinsic reasons (i.e., appearance, health pressures, stress management, and social recognition)” (2005). Numerous other studies have been conducted on the intrinsic and extrinsic motivations to exercise. Some studies have studied the importance of just intrinsic motivators and other studies have researched using just extrinsic motivators. The common finding was that both intrinsic motivators and extrinsic motivators need to be strong to keep the behavior occurring for a long period of time. Interestingly, "individuals who have extrinsic reasons for beginning to exercise may eventually develop intrinsic motivations to exercise over time because their motives have become internalized" (Maltby and Day,
And well, stuff like that can’t be really avoided all the time but there should always be alternatives. Something else the media does is that it can portray human happiness in perfect physical appearance and in having various monetary possessions. This perception of happiness laying on physical features and money is dangerous because many people try to attain these two features and that’s all they try to do in life, and never really try to seek their own happiness. Thus, students also will try to attain those specific features and will do anything to get them, even if it includes spending long hours in the gym, which can be unhealthy or start developing unhealthy habits like not eating right. Then, as mentors we should be more than a resource to our fellow peers, and instead act upon this problem which the media has thrown at us in order to help our peers to the best of our abilities, even if it’s small talk, it can make a
The prices of tickets are outrageous. Position 3: Forcing athletes to give back time by doing community service is great. It forces them to portray a positive attitude about being an athlete. My personal interest in the role of an athlete is serious, because a professional athlete wasn’t just given that position, or job, he or she had to earn it through hard work and dedication, and somewhere along the line in their youth another professional athlete inspired them to want to be