In recent decades, behavior therapy has been revolutionized by DBT. Marsha Linehan is a Professor of Psychology and Director of the Behavioral Research & Therapy Clinics at the University of Washington. She developed DBT in the 1990’s as an outpatient modality for persons with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) who are chronically suicidal. (Prochaska & Norcross, 2010). Linehan drew from various behavior therapies and Zen principles.
Running Head: FLUOXETINE AND COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY Treatment of Depression in Adolescents: Effectiveness of Combing Fluoxetine and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Elizabeth Bledsoe Truman State University Abstract Adolescents face depression due to many stressors they experience. Symptoms of depression can range from irregular sleep patterns to suicide. Antidepressants are commonly used to treat depression. The most noted antidepressant is fluoxetine, also known as Prozac. Studies have shown that fluoxetine use alone is somewhat effective in treating depression; however, newer treatments need to be found.
Hobson believes that because problems in our life are usually through interpersonal relationships, we should resolve these problems through a therapeutic relationship. The quality of the relationship is crucial for the effectiveness of the therapy. PIT consists of several interlinking components, of which include ‘explanatory rationale’ and ‘staying with feelings’. A potential strength of PIT is that it is just as effective if not more so than current treatments at improving depressive symptoms. Research support comes from Elkin, who found that when compared to CBT, PIT is just as effective at treating depression.
CBT is founded on the premise that identifiable errors in information processing and thinking are common amongst depressed people, to the point that they believe these mistaken notions to be a reality. (Barrett, 2010) Hypnosis is an ideal method for eliciting and replacing these notions with healthier, more positive thoughts. While in a trance, clients are more cognitively open to accepting new ways of addressing their depressive patterns. (Dowd, 2012) CBT integrated with hypnosis is commonly referred to as cognitive hypnotherapy. (Alladin,
“One study shows that if a caregiver is under a lot of stress, his or her loved one has more trouble following the treatment plan, which increases the chance for a major bipolar episode” (National). Learning to observe ourselves when caring for a bipolar person will make it much easier to cope because one can determine how to respond to the manic or depressive behavior better. Recognizing positive things about caregiving can make it a bit easier to cope with the person’s extreme bipolar moods also. For example, the caregiver’s realize that through caregiving they have become more tolerant, empathic and gained more confidence from assessing themselves from time to time. Maintaining one’s own interests, activities and relationships can help to keep things in perspective and prevent exhaustion and burn out.
Usually the most effective treatment would be the approach that combines psychological and psychopharmacologic approaches. Medication therapy is somewhat helpful in treating the panic attacks but should be used as a short-term solution only. “Clinicians should be especially watchful of the individual becoming psychologically or physiologically addicted to certain anti-anxiety medications, such as Xanax.” (www.psychcentral.com) Psychotherapy for GAD needs to be oriented toward Tom’s low-level, ever-present anxiety. Many times anxiety is often accompanied by inadequate planning skills, high stress levels, and difficulty in relaxing.
Cognitive therapy makes the assumption that thoughts precede moods and that false self-beliefs lead to negative emotions (Magnavita 2012). Cognitive therapy aims to help the patient recognize and reassess his patterns of negative thoughts and replace them with positive thoughts that more closely reflect reality. Cognitive therapy recognizes 10 common patterns of faulty thinking, which are known as cognitive distortions.All-or-Nothing Thinking: Failing to recognize that there may be some middle ground. Characterized by absolute terms like always, never, and forever. Overgeneralization: Taking an isolated case and assuming that all others are the same.
The Hamilton Centers web site explains, It is important for anyone with PTSD to be treated by a mental health care provider who is experienced with PTSD. Some people with PTSD need to try different treatments to find what works for their symptoms. Research has demonstrated the effectiveness of the main treatments for people with PTSD are psychotherapy (“talk” therapy) and medication. Cognitive-behavioral therapy, group therapy, exposure [and virtual exposure] therapy, as well as medications that help ease the symptoms of depression and anxiety and help promote sleep. Scientists are attempting to determine which treatments work best for which type of trauma (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder,
Assessment criteria 2.1 Evaluate the key features of two other therapeutic models and their relevance to the practising counsellor in comparison to there chosen model. The first discrete, intentionally therapeutic approach to CBT to be developed was Rational Emotive Therapy (RET), which was originated by Albert Ellis, Ph.D. in the mid-1950's. In the 1960's, Aaron Beck, M.D. developed his approach called Cognitive Therapy. Beck's approach became known for its effective treatment of depression.
(Gerald C. Davidson, John M. Neale, 1998)Family therapy, aimed at reducing high levels of expressed emotion, has been shown to be valuable in preventing relapse. More recently, behavioural treatments such as social skills training have helped patients, who have been discharged from the mental hospitals meet the inevitable stresses of family and community living. The most effective treatments for schizpophrenia are likely to involve both biological and psychological components, because schizophrenia is thought to be one of the most serious forms of mental disorder, along