Analyse the factors that cause differences in the hazards posed by volcanoes around the world (40 marks) Volcanic hazards pose a risk to people and their property in both primary and secondary form. A volcano is an opening in the Earth's crust which lava, ash and gases erupt. A volcanic eruption can cause many deaths, illnesses, destruction of infrastructure, crops and livestock, all which will affect the economy and GNP of a country. There are many factors involved which cause differences in the severity of the destruction caused by a volcano, such as, locations of settlements, monitoring, plate boundaries and the economic status of a country, however these are different for each volcano around the world. I will be discussing factors that cause differences in hazards posed by volcanoes.
To what extent to you agree with the view that the hazards resulting from earthquakes and volcanic activity cannot be managed but merely adapted to. Earthquakes and volcanic activity are both nature disasters that human can’t control when or where it will happen and it may cause lots of death and economic loss. There is no way that we can stop it from being happened but we can definitely try to adapt it by many different ways. Firstly, volcanoes are found at destructive and constructive plate margins. At destructive plate margins, the oceanic plate goes under the continental plate due to it’s more dense, which is a process known as subduction.
Secondly, the area has several faults running through the area where the proposed facility was to be built. Constant shaking of the ground is going to do damage to any structure in the area. Finally, the water source underneath the facility may be needed in the future to provide water to metropolitan areas. Radioactive waste is dangerous wherever it is stored. I believe that placing these materials in an area which is unstable would just be a mistake.
They can cause widespread destruction, such as the 1980 eruption of Mt St Helens. Lahars are a secondary effect of a volcanic eruption and are cement-like mudflows consisting of volcanic ash and water. They often occur in the days following an eruption when people are at their most vulnerable and with the capacity to travel up
Preparedness and planning is vital to aid the mitigation of volcanic hazards before an eruption. Despite this, it is unlikely that people can ever be fully prepared for an eruption and, therefore, it is unlikely to effectively mitigate volcanic hazards. Before an eruption there are number of ways to prepare and plan for a volcanic hazard. The most obvious is the prediction of volcanic eruptions, for example, seismic shock waves were used to predict an eruption 48 hours in advance, which resulted in the evacuation of the local population around Popocatepetl, Mexico, in 2000. The development of methods to predict volcanic eruptions is particularly important to provide information for the evacuation of populated regions.
This eruption was an explosive eruption. 8. At first, the surrounding area experienced many small earthquakes, which suggested possible magma movement. The magnitudes of the earthquakes increasingly got higher as the volcano got closer to erupting. Then, explosions of ash, rock, and ice became common everyday occurrences.
A natural disaster is an event that occurs due to the environmental factors of the earth. Some forms of natural disaster includes earthquakes, floods, hurricanes and tsunamis. Man-made disasters are hazardous and can occur as a result of a functioning error. Examples of man-made disaster includes gas and nuclear leaks. Even though there are no way to prevent the occurrence of a natural or man-made disaster, emergency preparedness must be in place to deal with a disaster when it occur.
While hurricanes can produce extremely powerful winds and rain, they are also able to produce high waves, damaging storms, and tornadoes. Hurricanes are
The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and resulting tsunami (Boxing Day Tsunami) was an event that caused great loss, destruction and trauma. Within this essay, the nature of the natural hazard, the factors that contributed to this disaster, and the preparedness of the region to handle such an event will be discussed. Furthermore the extensive recovery process and lessons learnt from this disaster will also be looked at. Hazards are a “potential threat to humans and their welfare arising from a dangerous phenomenon… that may cause loss of life, injury, property damage and other community losses of damage.” (Smith 2006, p.11) In the case of the Boxing Day Tsunami, it was the resulting tsunami, not the earthquake, which caused the destruction and ‘displacement of around 1.8 million people.’ (Smith 2006) When the water first receded, many peopl, ‘rushed out onto the once-covered reefs to pick up the stranded fish.’ (McCall 2014) Subsequently when the water eventually returned in the form of a tsunami, the chance of survival for those on the reefs was almost non-existent. Both natural and human factors contributed to transforming the hazard into a disaster.
Monitoring our Planet Katrina Park Argosy University There are many types of natural disasters caused by phenomena such as: earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, floods, tornados, and hurricanes. Many times the phenomena that you think are most deadly are not. For example, many people believe that tornados or tsunamis are most deadly; however, floods and droughts actually kill more Americans over time. (Staff, 2013) By being able to predict the coming of some phenomena we are able to reduce the amount of lives lost due to them. There are still some phenomena that are unpredictable and can only be responded to after the occurrence.