However, despite all of these accommodations, Mongol rule was exploitative and harsh. The Russian invasion began in a similar way to that of China, with ferocity and devastation. As the Mongols passed through a developing Russia, though, they deemed that it had little to offer, and they began to rule over it from the steppes. In Russia, although the Mongols ruled over Kievan Rus, their control was much less involved than in China. However, contrary to the total Mongolian occupation and authority over China,
Many foreign invaders tried to conquer the empires of China for thousands of years, one of which was actually successful. The Mongols started invading parts of northern China during the Song Dynasty. The Mongols were especially focused on the success of trade and established safer trade routes for merchants to travel through. China always had trade routes for merchants to travel through and do business in, so the rulers of China overall didn’t drastically affect trade success until the later dynasties. Chinese rulers started to isolate themselves for other countries in order to stop westernization and promote their former cultures and traditions.
During the early thirteenth century, throughout Eurasia, the Mongols proved not to be barbaric through cultural and social aspects, although their way of conquering was exceedingly brutal. With this evidence, it is proven that they were not brutal as
The Senate of Rome had most control over the citizens. Han China did not allow lower class citizens to have a say on how the empire was ruled; while, Imperial Rome had a senate to represent their plebeian’s or ordinary people. Another difference between the Han China and Imperial Rome was that the emperor of Han China had been chosen through the family and the citizens of Imperial Rome chose their ruler. Han China and Imperial Rome emphasized territorial expansion in both of their societies. They perceived threats to security; this led to war and then increased the length of border.
It had a strong and peaceful government during the Qing Empire and imperial powers such as Britain and the U.S. were interested in Chinese goods. By the late 1700s, however, China was experiencing internal strains with the population and with the government (columbia.edu). China had often looked down on foreigners and did not accept their cultures, but in 1793, the Chinese emperor agreed to meet with an English ambassador. The ambassador brought with him modern gadgets of that time such as clocks and instruments (Beck 371). The emperor was not interested and then the British realized they would have to find a product to trade with China so they could balance out the trading with China; that product was opium (Beck 371).
The importance of politics in China can be shown because, in order to live a good life you need to be part of the society, politics in India did not develop because of the structures implanted in the caste system, (regional political units were often highlighted). The importance of politics in China can be attributed to Confucius belief, that in order to live a good life, one must participate in politics. In India, due to the caste system, there really was no need to have a strong political system like China’s. Present time in India it seems that there is a stronger political system than caste system, but in China there is still a stronger political system. In both Han China & Gupta India, there were some similarities in their imperial governments.
Another significant reason why the US intervened in South East Asia was the power vacuum after Dien Bien Phu. The French were defeated and withdrew from Vietnam, and the US were worried that China, or even perhaps the Soviets would begin to take control. Then Ho Chi Minh emerged as a potential leader; Ho had spent time in Moscow and the US viewed him as a communist rather than a nationalist, which meant they feared him being in power and therefore, they had to get involved in South East Asia. Alternatively, the US may have intervened in South East Asia because of the lack of faith in the Geneva accords.
His refusal, despite many Chinese officials’ futile efforts, to reinstate the examination system to administrative office, further weakened the scholars’ power by restraining their political involvement and keeping them below the Mongols in the social order. The Yuan renovated the social hierarchy, setting themselves at the top, along with their nomadic and Muslim allies directly below them. These two groups occupied the upper levels of the bureaucracy, consequently shifting the Chinese to a subordinate position. The Northern Chinese filled the level directly underneath the Muslims and subsequently were the Southern Chinese. These traditional Chinese bureaucrats could now only exercise power at the regional and local levels, and as advisors to the Mongols, further hindering their influence.
Personal differences between Khrushchev and Mao rather than ideological views and national interests were responsible for China’s rapprochement with the USA in the 1970’s. How far do you agree with this statement? The USA and Russia’s bitter feud throughout the cold war took a drastic turn when China turned to the USA in the 1970’s, many did not anticipate the move given the Chinese had been on the Soviets communist side in the preceding years. Relationship changes between the Chinese and Soviet leaders are credited with the split but within their differences it is debatable as to what really caused the split. Some argue that ideological views and nationalist interests were the key factor however some dispute that the personal differences between the two leaders got to a point of no reconciliation.
It is difficult to spread new knowledge and technology into it and people inside refuse to learn new things. For instance, when western weapons and utensils were introduced in the 19 century, the conservative officials didn’t accept them and regarded them as something that were weird and impractical which was called qijiyinqiao(奇技淫巧) in Chinese. Therefore, the Forbidden City actually is a symbol of feudalism in China. It shows how traditional the old China was and the attitude adopted by the officials towards the foreigners and foreign advanced knowledge. The walls of the Forbidden City are meaningful as they seem to act as a barrier to segregate the inside and the outside world which makes China having no improvements throughout the hundred years.