With their light brown wooden paperclip shapes, they looked more like bassoons. In 1838, Adolphe Sax un-raveled the clarinet body, and it became the straight instrument we know it as today. Despite the fact that the bass clarinet has been around for a while, the first solo recital was not performed on it until 1955, when Josef Horák marked history by being the first professional player to dedicate an entire recital to the instrument. Bass clarinets are commonly made of plastic or African hardwood with the keys, bell and rods constructed of nickel, silver or other composite metal. The mouthpiece, which holds the reed, is made of plastic, resin, hard rubber or other composite material.
All the instruments are played with a percussion like feel; even the pitched instruments like a Marimba, Mbira, or the bells, or even some chordophones are played with a percussion like feeling. It is usually chant-like, and always has a strong beat, which makes it ideal music to dance to. The limited recourses of Africa determine what instruments can be made. African instruments tend to be simpler, and do not require many materials. That’s why there are so many percussion and chordophones, and not many electrophones or aerophones.
(Clark, D & Staines, J & Buckley, J & Thomas, G & Blackmore, R & Kimberly, N & Boyden, M & Nice,D & Panetta, F & Wrigley, M & Harding, S & Jameson, M &Morris, F & Witherden, B, 2001, pg 353). The term ‘Canon’, denotes a particular formula, a direct polyphonic imitation of successive voices played at a specific time delay apart. (Saddie, S, 1980) The two bar rhythm pattern in the ground bass is repeated throughout the piece, and is critical in giving the music grounding and harmonic context. The dynamic rhythms that come further on, (quavers, semiquavers etc…) juxtapose the simple ostinato pattern, which provides a sense of development and growth. It is as if Pachelbel is developing a story through rhythm, providing you with a place to go and explore, but to always remember where home is.
Jazz Comparison ‘Deed I do’ Deed I do - Mose Allison Starts off with vocals before anything else, music is always cast around the vocals making vocals very dominant. Piano is also dominant taking up own solo In 4/4 Drums and bass very tight together, but always staying in the background. Instruments: Vocals, Piano drums, bass. The song is very simple, in stays in the key of C but a few odd notes are sometimes played to make it sound more interesting. The bass line sounds as if its walking and the drums always have a snare feeling n the background and the symbols are always very light, giving the intention the drummer is using brushes instead on sticks.
In the years 1170 to 1250 began Ars antiqua in Notre Dame School of polyphony. This was the period in which rhythmic notation first appeared in western music known as rhythmic modes. Almost all composers of the ars antiqua are anonymous. Musicians during that period were Trouvères and troubadours, their monophonic melodies of the traveling musicians, which might have been added improvised accompaniments and were often rhythmically lively. The majority of these songs are love, in all combinations of joy and pain.
Antiphonal song contests take place at all of their festivals. The Zhuang love music and dance, and most can compose their own songs. Accompanying their song-and-dance routines are percussion tunes from large bronze drums - a uniquely Zhuang folk instrument inherited from ancient times. Today, over 500 bronze drums of varied designs have been unearthed in Guangxi. Although majority of the Zhuang resides in China, archaeological research has confirmed that they are not from mainland China, but probably emigrated from South Vietnam.
The harpsichord was phased out and replaced with the invention of the piano during the Classical period. During the Baroque period, two bass instruments would read off the same line of music with numbers written above notes for the third bass to play. Music from the Baroque period seems very one dimensional and intended to be played to a smaller audience. The text described it best (Sporre, 2013), “Classical in contrast to Baroque style, which typically dealt with a single emotion, Classical pieces typically explore contrasts between moods. They may contrast moods within movements and also within themes (Pg.
9) Hoedown – A portion of a square dance. Were also in fast tempo with two beats to the measure 10) Arrangement (Musical) - Composers find songs that they consider worth arranging for concert or recital hall performance. They leave the original melody largely intact and devise accompaniment for piano or orchestra. 11) Spiritual- A religious song unaccompanied by a choir, usually associated with African American churches. 12) Gutbucket- Is an inverted washtub with a rope pulled through it, which is connected to a stick.
The monophonic melodies of these musicians, to which may have been added improvised accompaniments, were often rhythmically lively. The subject of the majority of these songs is love, in all its manifestations of joy and pain. Although secular music was undoubtedly played on instruments during the Middle Ages, instrumental dance music didn't come into its own until the later Renaissance. Most of the music that people heard in the Middle Ages was in church. Outside church only a few people read or played music.
Payola, the practice of bribing someone to use their influence or position to promote a particular product or interest, became a household name in the 1950s. Payola has been around since the inception of the radio, disc jockeys and radio stations were offered money or gifts to play a particular song. Alan Freed, a popular disc jockey at the time, actually credited for coining the term “rock and roll,” had his career and reputation greatly harmed by a payola scandal. Before Alan Freed's indictment, payola was not illegal, however, commercial bribery was. After the trial, the anti-payola statute was passed under which payola became a misdemeanor, penalty by up to $10,000 in fines and one year in prison.