The second part of the procedure holds F constant and investigates the relationship of a to m by altering the total mass of the system. Again, based on the equation a = F/m, acceleration and mass should be inversely related to each other. m = k/a and a = k/m. 2. PROCEDURE 2.1 Equipment & Materials The key piece of equipment used in this investigation is the Atwood machine.
The equation used in the experiment was ∫F dt=∫dp=mvf-mvi The left side of the equation is the integral of force over a period of time and the right side being the change in momentum of the object. The equation used to calculate the magnitude of the change in momentum was: △p=m|vf+vi| To have the greatest likelihood of surviving an accident, the time/duration of the collision needs to be as long as possible. The greater the duration of the impact was, the more survivable the impact itself becomes. First the cart used was weighed for later calculations. There were four types of collisions performed.
Newton’s second law is: Force equals mass times acceleration F = m x a (1) On earth all mass accelerates downward toward the center of earth at 9.8 meters per second. Force is a vector and the direction must also be known. If two equal forces pull on a rope in opposite directions the rope will not move as the forces balance each other out, similar to what would happen in a “tug of war” game with equal forces on both sides. The main purpose of this experiment was to see if we could obtain a zero sum, equilibrium for a series of forces using measured direction by angle and measured weight so that forces equalized each other and added to zero. To determine vertical direction we used this equation for vertical distance.
Description and Theories A. Principles and Theories Used to Obtain our Result An conventional spring, when subjected the weight (w=mg) of an object at one of its terminations, will displace a certain distance, x, with an equal and opposite force, F, being created in the spring of which opposes the pull of the weight. This conventional spring will become significantly distorted if it is subjected to a large enough weight and the force, F, will only be able to return the spring to its original configuration once the burden is removed. The force that will restore the spring to its original configuration is directly proportional to the displacement that occurred. The following equation represents this relationship where k denotes the spring constant or stiffness of the spring, F=-kx Since x symbolizes the displacement or change in the length of the spring the above equation can now be surmised in the following manner, F=mg=-k∆l This new form makes it evident that a linear proportion exists between the plot of F as function of changing in length, ∆, thus confirming the spring does in fact obey Hooke’s Law.
However, from the value of stiffness the mechanical behavior of a sample can be known. In this experiment, the stiffness of the epoxy sample was 614.3N mm-1. Therefore; epoxy is a strong material that needs a large amount of force in order to produce a small amount of extension. Resisting the elastic deformation can also be a result of a high value of Young’s modulus (Duncan, 1993). Normally the sample is shaped as dumbbells in this type of experiments so, that it would be easier to place the sample in the holder of the testing machine and it is easier to notice the deformation of the sample at a certain load.
Perryon Worsham April 21, 2009 Damped Harmonic Motion Problem Statement: When and object moves back and forth, that is called periodic motion. Periodic motion because a force (or forces)is pulling on an object in attempt to return it to an equilibrium position. When this net restoring force is directly proportional to the objects displacement from the equilibrium position, then the resulting motion is called simple harmonic motion. However, in real oscillation systems, in addition to a restoring force there is also a retarding force. In this lab I hope to determine what happens to the period of the vibration, due to the retarding force.
Subject was required to hold varies weights without moving from her initial position. At each angle, further weight was added until the subject could no longer hold. Note: The results were obtained as a part of a group. The subject was Crystal Wang. The following graph illustrates the relationship between Maximum weight held at it’s related angle in upright and horizontal positions.
Student designed practical investigation Title: Atwood’s Machine (Newtons 2nd law of motion). Partner: Qurban Aim: To explore how two different masses act with each other on a pulley and therefore calculate acceleration a (theoretical and experimental) and the Tension T. Hypothesis: When both masses are the same, there should be no acceleration. The larger the ratio between one mass and the other, the higher the acceleration should be. Materials: Pulley, string, mass 1 + 2, ruler, stopwatch, scissors Apparatus: Theory: Since we are trying to find a, the equations we need are: For experimental a: Transposed to: Theoretical a: For tension: where x = displacement u = initial velocity t = time taken = mass 1 = mass 2 Let Method: 1. Set up the apparatus in the diagram above.
As the athlete is spinning the hammer in a circle there is force acting upon it and that mean Newton’s Laws are relevant to the situation. The circular movement of any object depends on the three Newton’s Laws. 1. If a body is at rest, it will remain at rest unless the forces acting upon it become unbalanced. 2.Force is equal to mass times acceleration.
And can then compare the result I get to the known value of gravity, 9.81N. The SUVAT equations are: A problem with these equations is that they ignore air resistance, so to minimise this effect I will not measure the gravity (acceleration) over a very large distance as this will cause air resistance to have a large effect on the results and the ball could reach terminal velocity, the constant speed that a freely falling object eventually reaches when the air resistance prevents further acceleration. Statement of the Problem When doing an experiment there are always uncertainties and I am going to do an experiment, find out the largest source of uncertainty and then do another experiment, but measuring the same thing, and try to get a better result that is nearer to the known value of gravity, 9.81N. I intend to find out a value of gravity, this value will be found out from my experiment, where I will find values for distance and time and then use a SUVAT equation. Metre sticks Metre sticks Ping pong ball Ping pong ball Experimental Design 1 Equipment setup: For this experiment I will attach 2 metre sticks to the wall with a bit of tape.