Modernization Hoselitz vs W.W. Rostow

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MODERNIZATION Hoselitz vs W.W. Rostow For centuries, many studies of “modernization” and “development” have been in the forefront of the social sciences. Many of their assumptions have guided much of the research in economy, sociology, political science and social anthropology. These assumptions and approaches have undergone rather severe reappraisals, criticisms and rejection. These reappraisals have however touched the fields of modernization and development by pinpointing some basic and central problems of sociological theory and thinking. Modernization may be defined as a school of thought or an approach that comprises a range of perspectives that follow the some basic argument, namely that development is a positive and irreversible process through which all societies eventually pass. Modernization theories had Evolutionary theoretical origins with the theorists Durkheim, Weber and Parsons, and came about in the period of the Cold War and the Decolonization as a means of those newly independent third world countries to move forward into independence gained through colonialism. Hence, Modernization theories were particularly influential in the 1940’s and 1950’s and were still relevant until the 1960’s. Modernization also leant heavily on the European experience of development and relied on two main theoretical influences, (i) Evolutionary Theory, which emphasized the naturalness and inevitability of social change. Mark Weber and Emile Durkheim where the two nineteenth-century sociologists in which the intellectual root of this theory lies. They drew on Darwin’s theory of evolution in natural world, in their search for explanations for the shift from “traditional’ to ‘modern’ economies and they focused on a need for change in a range of social and cultural institutions. Another main proponent of modernization theory in the post-war
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