Models of Organized Crime Executive Summary CJA/384 Criminal Organizations October 1, 2012 In the criminal justice area there are two different kinds of organizations and they are known as the bureaucratic and patron-client organizations. Within this paper I will state the numerous explanations as to the differences of the bureaucratic and patron-client organizations. A few of the essential distinctions that are mostly the datum in which the patron-client organizations are mainly discussed as the groups that decide to break the law none the less, the bureaucratic organizations are present to apply it. On the other hand there are various variations among these two groups nonetheless there are some similarities that they
Models of Organized Crime Executive Summary The purpose of this document is to compose a statement of the main ideals in which Dena will link the differences between the bureaucratic and patron – client organizations. In fact, this document will speak of the similarities and differences between the dominate ideals of organized crime, and define why the models are significant for comprehending organized crime. Distinctions The patron – client system is a cluster of lawbreakers who trade knowledge, set up a system of elements of relationships with governmental and authorative bosses and gain access to a chain for the intention of helping group’s customers both politically and economically. The patron – client system commonly constructed using a ruling body strategy and made up of one dominate boss, a consultant, and other individuals. Requests moved to a lower position in a perpendicular situation with the highest supervisor and the lower individuals.
Theories on Crime Comparison Carl Boone AJS/542 July 25th 2013 Jeffrey Begley Theories on Crime Comparison To understand crime and the elements that help compare and contrast motives, influences, and patterns of criminal behavior; theories are developed under models of thought. This process is called criminology and it is the study of crime and criminal behavior with some focus on lawmaking as well (McShane, Williams, 2010). Criminology has continued to be one of the cornerstones of our judicial system. The scientific research that goes into understanding individuals and societies, along with the variables involved, help the criminal justice system better understand issues that relate to crime. Criminology was first born in the eighteenth century and although it was not initially concerned with the aspect of understanding crime and criminal behavior, “it gained its association with criminology through its focus on lawmaking” (McShane & Williams 2010, ch.2, p. 15).
Social Organized Crime Perspective Shannon Santiago University of Phoenix CJA 384 Leroy Hendrix June 03, 2012 Social Organized Crime Perspective Social institutions are an important part of everyday life. Social institutions are what make up the world. Social institutions not only help to define society but also help to determine the type of person an individual will become. Social institutions help to mold an individual; teaching him or her different traits, rituals, and behaviors to possess. Social institutions are an important part of organized crime as well.
In this paper you will see where we recognize the issues, specify the legal links, and we will also clarify the arranged offenses through analysis and evaluation the effectiveness. * * Identify the problems presented and the various relationships established by organized * * Crime * * Now the majority of the issues that are related to culture and ethical legislation always have a political factor attached to them. Organized Crime is very political enriched “in politics from the development of unlawful marketplaces, to the declarations of the size of the actual threat, and then also moving pressure associated with laws to address the issue” (Naylor, 1999). A lot of the issues come from offenses and politics. When you put politics and offenses together it could have several negative effects on our country and its’ people.
Word count : 1700 Criminal victimization and rational theories The classical approach to explain crime has always revolved around examining the personal motivations of offenders for committing crime. However, in the recent past decades researchers have focused not only on offender incentive, but also on the lifestyles and activities of those at risk of being victimized. The following article explores different risk determinants, rational choice and social control theories in an attempt to establish both victim and offender's crime circumstances. Cohen, Kluegel and Land present the opportunity model of predatory victimization perspective as a basic explanatory model for criminal victimization. In order to comprehend why race, age and income have the potential to affect criminal victimization, the authors portray five main risk factors which are: exposure, guardianship, proximity to potential offenders, attractiveness of targets and definitional properties of specific crimes.
Since OCS relies largely on criminal law while criminal law is socially constructed by social norms from different actors, OCS is regarded as social construct. Actors involved As mentioned before, OCS is considered as “social construct” and we are going to examine what actors involved in the procedure of OCS and how they make influences. Media Media is an influential social organization and is interdependent with other institutions including pressure groups, political parties, police…etc. Moreover, media tends to report some high profile cases. An incident reported by media must have a certain degree of enlargement and exaggeration.
There are many theories relating to deviance and crime with each theory illustrating a different aspect of the procedure by which people break rules and are classed as deviants or criminals. (New texts pg 138) which highlights the problems in defining crime or deviance. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CRIME AND DEVIANCE Many believe crime and deviance has developed on separate tracks over the years as criminologist serve only for legality, crime and crime-related phenomena. The study of deviance however serves for a wider range of behaviours that are not necessarily illegal for example suicide, alcoholism, homosexuality, mentally disordered behaviours. (Bader et al) The main difference between crime and deviance is deviant behaviour is when a social norm has been broken whereas a crime is where a formal and social norm is broken.
Victimology: A Study of Crime Victims 1 Victimology is an important element in the process of learning about crime victims, the needs of the victims, and even about the perpetrator of the crime. It identifies the victims, reveals their physical and mental state before and after the crime, their social interactions, and ideas as to why they were a victim. Victimology does not give the reasons why a particular person is chosen by an offender, however it will give general overview of victim selection (Petherick, “Victimology” 2010) The definitions of victimology vary in the use of words within the definition, such as victim, crime victim or behavior of crime victim. Victimology as an academic term containing two elements; the Latin word “victima” which translate into victim and the Greek word “logos” which means a system of knowledge (Dussich “Victimology ‘Past, Present and Future’”2000). In it’s simplest definition, victimology is the study of the victim or victims of a particular offender (Wallace & Roberson 2011: 3).
People being labelled (negatively) will always be affected according to their label, and society plays an important role in the labelling process. In the next few paragraphs the contribution of Becker as an exponent of the labelling perspective will be discussed along with the process of labelling and the typology of deviants. Labelling as a cause of crime According to the Study Guide (The explanation of crime), Becker shortly discussed the way different sets of rules affect the theory of labelling as a cause of crime while developing his theory. This labelling theory, also known as the societal reaction theory does not only define deviants, it can also make them. When someone is labelled an offender they are forced by society to live according to this label which could minimise their chances of being law abiding citizens and limit their chances of finding decent jobs.