There are three main types of botulism: 1. Foodborne botulism 2. Wound botulism 3. Infant botulism in infant botulism, this type of botulism can occur when a child ingests spores of Clostridium botulinum bacteria. In this paper all three of the main types of botulism will be discussed.
Keratitis Keratitis is an inflammation of the cornea, the outermost part of the eye that covers the pupil and iris. The most common causes of keratitis are infection and injury. Bacterial, viral, parasitic and fungal infections can cause keratitis. An infectious keratitis can happen after an injury to the cornea. But an injury can inflame the cornea without a secondary infection occurring.
This initial exposure causes sensitization and it is the subsequent exposures that elicit the damaging immune responses that is recognized as the disease. There is some diversity in allergic responses depending on the immunological effector pathways elicited (6). Delayed hypersensitivity,
what is meant by “infection” and “colonisation”? Infection is something that is picked up through bad hygiene Colonisation is where an infection enters the body and grows. An infection is the colonisation of a host of organisms that enter the body and multiply. A systemic infection is one that affects the whole body, probably travelling in lymph or blood. This is in contrast to a local infection which only affects the area where the infection entered.
There is a possibility of a crackling under the skin when compressed slightly, and an inability to contract the muscle in the affected area. Pathogenicity. The Clostridial bacteria most commonly infect a pre-existing wound either from injury or surgery. Because it is an anaerobic bacterium it will thrive in an environment with devitalized tissue. Once the infection has occurred the bacteria produce a toxic gas that kills muscle, providing an even more anaerobic area, which explains such rapid spread in the body.
Direct transmission requires close association with the infected host, but not necessarily physical contact. Indirect transmission requires a vector, such as an animal or insect. 5. The Portal of Entry. Entry of the pathogen can take place in one of three ways: penetration, inhalation, or ingestion.
They differ from bacteria by needing a living host to complete their life cycle, being host specific. Some of their common illnesses and infections include scabies, malaria, bed bugs, lice and tape worm. Infection is an invasion of the body by a foreign substance such as germs, microbes and parasites, that can infect the body in numerous ways. Systematic infection can affect the whole body, possibly
Many diseases affect the respiratory system. The respiratory system is like a sponge, but instead of absorbing water, the system can easily take in airborne viruses that travel in the air. The mouth and nose inhales the air that bacteria are floating in, and brings the infection into the body via respiratory system. The infected goes into the throat and then down the lungs. The infection usually begins in the throat and travels downward to reach the lungs.
Infectious diseases pose a threat to humans all over the world, and create serious if not fatal consequences for many individuals. A common method for the transmission of infectious diseases is arthropod vectors. The arthropods carry the pathogen from one host to another. Arthropods may affect human health either directly by bites, stings, or infestation of tissues, or indirectly through disease transmission (Martin, et al., 2012). The most significant mode of vector-borne disease transmission is by biological transmission by blood-feeding arthropods.
Pneumonia is always handled with delicate attention, but for individuals who have normal, healthy lungs and a strong immune system the final outcome is almost always a good one. Serious attention needs to be focused on those who are at a greater risk such as the elderly, children, and the immunocomprimised (Anatomical Chart Company, 2010, p. 100). According to the Atlas of Pathophysiology, there are three different basic types of pneumonia: bacterial, viral, and aspiration. The primary cause of pneumonia is an inhalation or aspiration of a pathogen. The secondary cause is related to an existing infection or disease.