Unit 4222-265 Causes and spread of Infection. outcome1: Understand the causes of infections 1:1 Identify the differences between bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. Infections are the result of the body’s inability to fight off microorganisms that cause disease or infection: Bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. Bacteria are organisms that are found almost everywhere. They are found naturally in humans, as well as plants and animals.
Some of the most deadly diseases and devastating epidemics in human history have been caused by bacteria. Cholera Diphtheria Dysentery Plague Pneumonia Tuberculosis Typhoid Typhus VIRUSES A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of other organisms. Viruses can infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants to bacteria and archaea. The average virus is about one one-hundredth the size of the average bacterium. Most viruses are too small to be seen directly with an optical microscope.
Andrew Hodgkiss Unit 22 Information sourced from various sites on the Internet. Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites: The first bacteria a usual size is but a few micrometers in length shapes ranging from spheres to rods and spirals. Bacteria are present in most of the Earths habitats such as soil, water, acidic hot springs and radioactive waste also, found in/on animals and plants. Some bacteria are beneficial to human existence others can be fatal in developed countries antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections. Viruses are small infectious agents that replicate only inside the living cells of other organisms, Viruses infect all types of life forms from animals, plants and bacteria.
Outcome 1 Understand the cause of infection 1.Identify the difference between bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. Bacteria Bacteria is a single celled organism, bacteria have evolved to thrive in almost any environment and can be found in almost any substance/surface and also in the human body, only 1% of bacteria is actually harmful. It's bad or infectious bacteria that cause illness as they rapidly reproduce and produce a toxin that kills or mutates cells, bacteria is also self sufficient. Viruses A virus is a small capsule that contains DNA or RNA, viruses, unlike bacteria are not self sufficient and need a host in order to reproduce I.E a human body. When a virus enters the body, it enters some certain cells and takes over making the now host cell make the parts the virus needs to reproduce, the cells are eventually destroyed through this process.
Causes and Spread of Infection 1. Understand the causes of Infection 1.1 Identify the differences between bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites The differences between bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites range. One of which is the fact that viruses and parasites depend upon a living host to survive, while bacteria and Fungi's don't always need to do so. Another difference is that Parasites are normally living creatures - ticks, fleas, worms - whilst bacteria, viruses and fungi are cells that have different cell coatings. 1.2 Identify common illnesses and infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites The most common illnesses and infections that occur due to bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites are Dioreah, Vomiting, Influenza, Nail infections, Tick bites, Colds, Skin Conditions, Digestive Problems ( Parasites - Worms ) and in some cases, Death.
Bacterial infections are normally treated with a course of antibiotics. Viruses are made up of genes and proteins that spread throughout the body by invading the body’s own cells so they can reproduce and multiply in the body. They use the body’s cells as a host because they are unable to multiply on their own. They are normally spread directly from human to human. Viruses can be very tough and there are not many effective medicines available for viral diseases.
Diagnosis is often made after a series of abdominal x-rays, an upper gastrointestinal series, or a colonoscopy. Endoscopy tests may include flexible sigmoidoscopy which allows the doctor to directly examine the colon with a lighted tube that is inserted through the anus. The mucosal layer of intestine that absorbs nutrition contains immune cells that act like defenders of the body. When this mucosal layer breaks down, harmful bacteria enter deep layers of the intestine. This results in inflammation causing swelling, increased blood flow, and ulcerations.
Hematuria may continue for one day or last several days. Urinary tract infections are fairly common and result from bacteria entering the urethra and typically infecting the bladder but may spread to the kidneys as well. Urgency and frequency of urination may also be a complication with the presence of a UTI (urinary tract infection). Kidney stones can be another symptom of PKD. Cysts may block the tubules and prevent normal drainage
Some scientists concluded that life may have begun in hydrothermal vents under the ocean, which are areas of high pressure and heat. Many of these extremophiles are classified under the Archaea domain. Archaea domain is an ancient bacteria, they have no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. Archaea are also quite small, about one micron in length. This is so small that even under high power on a light microscope, they are too tiny to differentiate properly.
The small intestine comprises of the duodenum, jejunum and the ileum. Most if not all nutrients are absorbed in the stomach and small intestine. The remaining water and waste products then pass into the large intestine from where it leaves the body through the anus. The movement of food through the main digestive tubes is maintained by a series of muscular