Explain why the work of Robert Koch was so Important? (7 Marks) Koch discovered and developed what Pasteur did not. Using Germ theory, he discovered the germ that caused Anthrax, a disease that affected animals as well as people. This was a phenomenal breakthrough as this was the first time that a specific germ had been identified, this then 100% proved Pasteur’s theory, which then left a wide door open for many more scientists to investigate and discover other specific bacterial germs that were damaging to the human body. The reason this makes Koch so important is because if he hadn’t investigated Anthrax using Pasteur’s theory, the germ theory may never have caught on leaving people to believe false theories for much longer.
Vrein, “The Bt corn and soya plants that are now everywhere in our environment are registered as insecticides. But are these insecticidal plants regulated and have their proteins been tested for safety? Not by the federal departments in charge of food safety, not in Canada and not in the U.S.” However the United States Food and Drug Administration directly conflicts this statement with information directly on their website. Specifically they state the following, “Evaluating the safety of food from a genetically engineered plant is a comprehensive process that includes several steps. Generally, the developer identifies the distinguishing attributes of new genetic traits and assesses whether any new material that a person consumed in food made from the genetically engineered plants could be toxic or allergenic,” (FDA 2013) In these few sentences the FDA clearly and directly undercuts the entire argument set forth by Dr. Vrain.
We have learned that modern biological technology in high school and got to know the safety of GM foods. However, Martin Evans, a Nobel Prize winner in Physiology in 2007, said the belief that transgenic technology is safe is not entirely founded and any conclusion should be based on testing results. (Evans, p.8) From my perspective, even if GM foods might lead to some troubles with our health, people should accept them to be produced. Otherwise, it must be a barrier to the developing of human race. Another reason for me to support GM foods is why GM foods are always more nutritious and even more delicious than normal conventional foods.
Some of the knows health risks from GM are that in stores they do not have nutrition facts/ingredients for GM chemicals in the foods therefore people who have allergies to nuts est. would not be able to eat Gm food because of the chemical traits, by this I mean when scientists put genes into some crops the mixture causes the crops natural genes to be unpredictable and scientists can not analyze for harmful affects within the crops. This leads to unknown toxins and this may cause allergic reactions.
It had the appearance that if the edges of the continental shelves were closer they would match as if they were a puzzle. ” American Frank Taylor was working on the same problem at the same time, but they were unaware of each other, much like Darwin and Wallace (Lee, 2009)”. Dr. Wegener was the firm believer of the two and received the credit for the theory. The first presentation of Wegener’s work was at a geology meeting in 1912, but the meeting report shows no evidence of this discussion. He published two papers in this same year on the subject.
Andrew Pollack, of the New York Times wrote a descriptive article, “Engineering by Scientists on Embryo Stirs Criticism.” He provides an example of this altering. At Cornell University, they took an embryo that did not have the ability to become a child, and inserted a fluorescent protein. This gave it one extra chromosome. The fluorescent protein survived, causing the cells in the embryo to glow, and carried the protein into the daughter cell (1). While this was important research, “A spokesman for the National Institutes of Health said the Cornell work would not be classified as gene therapy,” only because “a test-tube embryo is not considered a person under the regulations” (Pollack 1) Right now, that leaves this research as something to be studied, not acted upon
With some of the basic observations still agreed with, while other theories and observations changed due to the outcome of conclusive evidence from experiments, in the school of scientific methodology. It is the youngest of all of the sciences. The definitions are simple. Evolutionary is concerned with what knowledge is passed to us from life, e.g. Are we who we are because of inherently placed genes and this defines us, or are we
The concept of cloning became popular with the creation of Dolly the sheep. Dolly is an example of reproductive cloning but there are two other types of cloning used around the world: therapeutic and DNA. Although all forms of cloning, reproductive, DNA, and therapeutic can be effective, only therapeutic cloning of humans and animals should be allowed because of its greater benefits of eliminating organ donation problems and because of its lower risks of killing a possible life. The supporters for human cloning and reproductive cloning don’t recognize the dangers that come with a clone. Their support for reproductive and human cloning is because of pure awe at the innovative ideas, not for actual scientific purpose (Kilner).
Mendel’s conclusions were ignored. Mendel himself didn’t even find his ideas generally applicable, he thought they were only applicable, even by Mendel himself. Mendel thought his ideas were only applicable to certain categories of species or traits. A major block to understanding their significance was the importance attached by 19th century biologists to the apparent blending of inherited traits in the overall beginning of the progeny, which is know known to be due to multi-gene interactions, in contrast to the organ-specific binary characters studied by Mendel. In 1900, however, his work was re-discovered by three European scientists.
Science also believes that humans were not around at the beginning of life, but that they later evolved from various animals after adapting adaptations to help better suit them to the environment. Darwin’s concept of “survival of the fittest” comes in to play with that belief that those who have adapted to the changes around them will have the best chance to survive. The concept of evolution is often a topic of great controversy, especially in the public school system. Many religious enthusiasts do not want their children being taught that they are decedents of monkeys or other creatures, rather than of the first humans, Adam and Eve, that were created by God. As evolution is part of science, and science is part of the school system, the compromise is often that instructors are not allowed to teach evolution if they try to preach it is the truth and that religious views are invalid.