Decreasing the interest rate effectively increases consumer and businesses consumption. Lower interest rates also increase investments and net exports (Hubbard, 868). These increases push true GDP back in line with potential GDP and, as a result, production increases. This increase in production also increases the need for workers, ultimately increasing employment. Conclusion The Federal Reserve is a very powerful entity and has a large amount of influence on how our nation’s economy performs.
The major task is to manage the money supply according to the needs of the economy. This involves making an amount of money available that is consistent with high and rising levels of output, employment and relatively constant price levels. Money supply has a direct relation with inflation, as money supply is increased the inflation rate goes up. When more money is in the market, the value of the money will remain the same but the goods and services in the market will increase. As situations happen around the world the internal economy is being affected, the price of oil increases and more money in the market should be created, but this will affect the inflation, as more money is in the market, the GDP keep growing and the unemployment is decreasing.
(Hayek, 2008) When wages go up so does the cost of the production, which increases the cost of the consumer goods, and inflation goes up. The only way to sustain this is to have a high money supply. This will cause interest rates to decrease, according to Hayek; if they decrease it can cause investments to be insecurely high, leading to an economic bust-which is how the business cycles work. If a centralized planner is created to watch the industries and when they start failing, a stimulus package will have to be made to support and pick it back up. If the necessary data to watch the
There are two main profit maximization methods used, and they are Marginal Cost-Marginal Revenue Method and Total Cost-Total Revenue Method. Profit maximization is a good thing for a company, but can be a bad thing for consumers if the company starts to use cheaper products or decides to raise prices. This is what some firms in the leisure industry will aim to do, for instance, Cinemas will hope to achieve the highest level of profits. Although most firms in the leisure industry aim to maximise profit, some firms have other main objectives, such as to maximise growth. Growth maximisation is where the firm’s main goal is to increase the size of the firm as much as possible.
It helps me predict the effects of the business cycle (Seasons or GDP when income levels rise or fall) on my sales. Currently we are in a slowed economy. Therefore, we have more unemployment or people watching their money more carefully and are more interested in price shopping. g. You obtain this information the % change in quantity demanded divided by the % change in the consumer’s income. Necessity will drive the income demand first and then as necessities are met and money increases, then luxury item demands will begin to increase.
When the demand for U.S. dollars increases, the value of the dollar will increase or appreciate (Stone 2008, pp. 685). As a result, U.S. products become more expensive for foriegners causing a reduction in exports and increasing imports. This not only effects the U.S. economy, but also affects the economies in other countries. Monetary policies influence and are influenced by international developments, including exchange rates, and based on these market conditions the U.S. government can make strategic changes to these policies to maintain the country’s economic stability (full employment, stable growth and price stability).
Unemployment will increase, prices will go down and output will be reduced. Over a longer period of time, lower resource costs will cause a shift to the right in aggregate supply. The economy will move to producing a level of output consistent with full employment (as was the case before the decrease in aggregate demand), but at a lower price level. 18. Contrast the pros and cons of protectionist policies.
Governments may choose to increase minimum wage on an arbitrary basis, making it difficult for companies to hire individuals at a consistent market rate. Government price controls distort the economic theory of supply and demand. Supply and demand is a significant underlying feature of free-market economies. This theory allows individuals and businesses to make decisions based on self-interest. Businesses often pay individuals a wage based on current market standards.
First, if the government increases its purchases but keeps taxes constant, it increases demand directly. Second, if the government cuts taxes or increases transfer payments, households’ disposable income rises, and they will spend more on consumption. This rise in consumption will in turn raise aggregate demand” (Weil, 2008, para. 4). Consumer income has a huge effect on aggregate supply and demand just as the aggregate supply and demand can affect consumer income.
If the interest rate is low, it will cause more funds to be available, greater expansion and increased employment. If the interest rate is high, it will cause fewer funds to be available, less expansion, and decreased employment. Fiscal policy is an important tool for managing the economy because of its ability to affect the total amount of output produced or the gross domestic product. The first impact of a fiscal expansion is to raise the demand for goods and services. This greater demand leads to increases in both output and prices.