According to humanist psychologist Abraham Maslow, our actions are motivated in order achieve certain needs. Maslow first introduced his concept of a hierarchy of needs in his 1943 paper "A Theory of Human Motivation" and his subsequent book Motivation and Personality. This hierarchy suggests that people are motivated to fulfill basic needs before moving on to other, more advanced needs. This hierarchy is most often displayed as a pyramid. The lowest levels of the pyramid are made up of the most basic needs, while the more complex needs are located at the top of the pyramid.
Abraham Maslow believe that people have certain needs they must meet in a technique way, from highest to lowest in self-actualization (Cervone & Pervin, 2010). According to Maslow the needs of safety, love, belonging, and achievement must come into focus for humans. Humanistic theory focues on the individual and suggest that they are in control of his or her state of mind. The environment and the influence of inner thoughts, actions and desires affects the humans personality (McLeod, 2012). The Humanistic key figures are people who are encouraged in his or her upbringing to develop their own unique style instead appreciate when they meet other individuals’ outlooks to develop self-concepts.
When it is less than zero, this determines rejection of that project. Depending on the scope of the projects and organization, I would recommend either one of these methods to review the eligibility of projects. However, I would prefer the IRR as percentages are regularly easier to comprehend and apply. Yet, I wouldn’t rule out NPV, and
In this process individuals compare their description of themselves as they are, with their description of themselves as they would like to become. Self-esteem depends then on the ability to live up to one's ideals. Self-esteem: The term self-esteem is used in psychology to describe a person's overall emotional evaluation of their own worthiness. The concept of self esteem assumes that the result of this reflection determines further the attitude towards the self, affecting the individual in aspects like motivation, attitudes, confidence and the overall emotional well being. Some theories suggest that self-esteem is a basic human need or motivation.
Carl Rogers, a leading humanistic psychologist defined the term actualization as the capability for people to "maintain or enhance the organism", so long as their are not strong opposing forces present. (Page) Humanists have applied this definition to personality psychology to develop the term "self-actualization," meaning maintenance or enhancement of the self. In fact, self-actualization appears to be the purpose of human life. The realities of life present a challenge, rather an opportunity for growth. Along with actualization, the humanist theory says that people to feel loved and accepted by others, and specifically by those they deem to be "significant others."
Once these lower level needs are met, the person may then move on to the next level in the hierarchy. With progression up the levels of the hierarchy pyramid comes needs which become increasingly psycological and social, making the need for love, friendship and intimacy become more important. The top of the pyramid has an emphasis on the importance of self-actualization, a process of growing and developing as a person in order to achieve individual potential. Physiological Needs: Breathing, food, water, sex, sleep, homeostasis, excretion. Safety and Security Needs: Security of: body, employment, resoufces, morality, the family, health, property.
The top level is the self-realization needs they consist of involvement in planning of your work, creative work to perform, opportunities for growth and development, etc. The lowest level of the pyramid are the needs that are the easiest met, the next level of needs are more challenging to meet, and so on with the top level of the pyramid being the hardest but most satisfying. Maslow suggested that to prevent frustration these needs should be filled in sequential order. The ways I would motivate my employees would be to follow Maslow’s advice and start at the bottom and work my way up. Starting with making sure my employees were paid efficiently, had pleasant working conditions, reasonable rest periods, and I would teach them efficient work methods.
This paper seeks to define the effect humanistic and existential theories have on personality as well as interpersonal relationships. Humanistic and Existential Theories Affect on Personality Humanistic theories of personality believe that all humans are good. This theory also stresses the importance to achieve an individual’s full potential. The focus of the humanistic theory is on the self, which translates into "YOU", and "your" perception of "your" experiences. Abraham Maslow’s introduced the hierarchy of needs that emphasizes the importance of self-actualization.
Included within this group is Maslow’s Holistic- Dynamic Theory. This theory suggests that people become motivated by his or her needs, and that their psychological health has the potential to grow. This process is known as self-actualization. In order to achieve self-actualization a person needs to satisfy a lower need. These lower needs are the basic needs of every individual and they include self-esteem, feeling loved, satisfying ones hunger, and ensure one is safe.
Furthermore, love and belonging refers to the interpersonal relationship, in which relationships with family, friends, lovers, and others are drawn; providing humans with a sense of acceptance and attachments. Esteem refers to the need to be respected and accepted and, most importantly, the need of self-respect. People develop their esteem as they are recognized by others, gaining a certain level of social status and thus build their own self-respect. The last is about the self-actualization, in which an individual realizes his or her potentials. Because the human brain is driven by a basic instinct to survive, this need trumps all others, thus it’s easy to see how obvious biological and physiological needs, such as food, drink, shelter, warmth, and sex, formed the basis of Maslow’s pyramid.