Diffusion is where particles move from where they are in an area of high concentration to where they are in an area of low concentration. Ficks law of diffusion states that: . This shows that the greater the surface area of the diffusion surface the greater the rate of diffusion will be. This is because there is a greater are for the particles to diffuse across if the is a concentration gradient. A good example of where a large surface area is used for a fast rate of diffusion is in the alveoli of the lungs.
When exercising the cardiovascular system has different functions during exercise , such as it delivers oxygen to working muscles, oxygenates blood by returning it to the lungs, transports heat from the core to the skin, it delivers nutrients and fuel to active tissues and I also transports hormones . Exercising is known as an increased demand on the cardiovascular system. Oxygen demand by the muscles increases sharply. Metabolic processes speeds up and more waste is created. More nutrients are used and body temperature rises.
Where increasing the surface area would increase the rate of diffusion. This means the larger the surface area the more substance will diffuse across the pathway in a given time. Surface area also affects heat loss in all organisms. Smaller animals have higher surface area to volume ratios meaning it is easier for them to exchange oxygen and nutrients which the animal needs, they also excrete there waste products such as carbon dioxide and urea. Most animals need to stay at roughly the same temperature so heat is also exchanged.
C) Which structures found in the terminal bronchioles and alveoli normally would protect Cari’s lungs from infectious pathogens and particulate matter? There are macrophages presents (wandering phagocytes) that remove dust particles and other debris from the alveolar space. D) How would the resistance of Cari’s airways be affected by excess mucus and fluid in her lung? The lung capacity is decreased because the air space is already filled with mucus and fluids therefore she can’t take in enough oxygen. The extra mucus and fluids put extra pressure on the lungs.
Water also requires a relatively high amount of energy to become a gas and this can be used as an effective means of cooling the body by sweating and panting. Equally, a relatively large amount of energy must be transferred away from water to make it freeze, which is important for organisms with a high body water content and for those living in water. Water is unusual because its solid form is
An approximate rule of thumb suggests that reaction rate - and hence the rate of heat generation - doubles with every 10°C rise in temperature. Thermal runaway can occur because, as the temperature increases, the rate at which heat is removed increases linearly but the rate at which heat is produced increases exponentially. Once control of the reaction is lost, temperature can rise rapidly leaving little time for correction. The reaction vessel may be at risk from over-pressurisation due to violent boiling or rapid gas generation. The elevated temperatures may initiate secondary, more hazardous runaways or decompositions.
This is due to a basic theory; an increase in temperature increases the kinetic energy of a molecule, causing increased molecular movement. This principle is embraced in diffusion. Diffusion is the net movement of molecules from a high to low concentration. An increase in temperature will result in an increase in the molecules’ kinetic energy, which allows the molecules to move faster therefore speeding up the rate of diffusion. For example, rate of gas exchange in organism will increase; more oxygen will diffuse into the cells and more carbon dioxide will diffuse back out into blood to be removed.
Its homeostatic function is to convert food into other forms and remove excess cholesterol from the blood; any excess cholesterol is excreted as bile into the hepatic vein leading to the heart, thus increasing the amount of cholesterol circulated around the blood stream. Saturated fats are particularly harmful, as they produce low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol; if supply exceeds the demands of cells it can cause a harmful build up. It is important
When we inhale, the oxygen enters through our nose or mouth then it gathers it in the Pharynx (throat) then it is passed down in the trachea then it flows down your bronchioles and finally down the alveoli. Our alveoli are surrounded by many blood vessels called capillaries. Oxygen diffuses through the alveoli into the blood stream through the capillary and then up to the heart to be pumped around the body. Due to the thinness of the capillaries, this allows for a greater diffusion rate, due to the gases being able to diffuse quickly in short distances. Our diaphragm contracts (or tightens) when we inhale.
BLOOD DOPING Blood doping is an illicit method of improving athletic performance by artificially boosting the blood's ability to bring more oxygen to muscles. In many cases, blood doping increases the amount of hemoglobin in the bloodstream. Hemoglobin is an oxygen-carrying protein in the blood. So increasing hemoglobin allows higher amounts of oxygen to reach and fuel an athlete's muscles. This can improve stamina and performance, particularly in long-distance events, such as running and cycling.