Abstract: When Hiram Bingham first re-discovered Machu Picchu, he had no idea on what he had located. To him it seemed like a city and by the looking at the sites Bingham was able to come up with three theories on the site. These theories remained intact, until just recently when new discoveries started to raise questions about Bingham’s original statements about Machu Picchu. Introduction: In July of 2007 a new list of the 7 wonders of the World was released, among them was a site called Machu Picchu, located in Peru. With over hundreds of stone structures, and located on top of the Andean mountain; Machu Picchu has been said to be one of the most elegant, and mysterious discoveries in the world.
Built as a “royal estate” for the Inca emperor Pachacuti, Machu Picchu is an astounding and perennially mysterious climax to one of the world’s most famous journeys: the Inca trail. Perched high above a sinuous bend in the Urubamba River/ Machu Picchu has lured explorers, poets and pilgrims to its mystical ridge top ever since its discovery. The site of Machu Picchu was discovered on July 24th, 1911 by American historian Hiram Bingham. A group of Quechan’s led the explorer to the peak called "Machu Picchu", meaning "Old Peak". Rumours about several hidden Inca cities had been circulating ever since the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire.
Machu Picchu, which translates from an ancient South American indigenous language as “old peak” is the ruin of a city high in the mountains of Peru. It is associated with the Inca civilization and often called the “lost city of the Incas”. Though obviously inhabited in ancient times, Machu Picchu is a relatively recent archeological find because it had been forgotten by all except indigenous local peoples. It was rediscovered around the turn of the twentieth century. Though the site was originally thought to be purely religious in nature, recent archeological finds point to the idea of its being a resort: a palace and surrounding compound, including temples, for Incan rulers.
and Hamilton,R.,.ed.,Narrative of the Incas, Juan De Betanzos,(Austin,1996) p.50 and Op.cit,( Davies,1995), p.162 [30] Op.cit,(Davies,1995), p.162 [31] Murra,J.V., Wachtel,N. and Revel,J.,ed.,Anthropological history of Andean,(Cambridge,1986),p.163 [32]Op.cit,(Davies,1995), p.165 [33] Collier,G.A., Rosaldo,R.I. and Wirth,J.D.ed.,The Inca and Aztec states,1400-1800: Anthopology and history,(New York,1982) p.185 [34] Op.cit,(D’Altroy,2002), p.235 [35]Op.cit,( Davies,1995), p.168 [36] Moore,S.F.,Power and Poperty in Inca Peru,(Westport,1973) p.101 [37] Op.cit,(Davies,1995), p.168 [38] Bauer,B.S.,The Development of the Inca State,(Austin,1992),p.63 [39] Hyslop,J.,Inka Settlement Planning,(Austin,1990) p.296 [40] Op.cit,(D’altroy,2002), p.215 ‘For practical reasons, ethnic elites led their own men on the battlefield, due in part to the differing dialects. However, the local elites still fell under the control of Inca command’. [41]Op.cit,( Davies,1995), p.168 [42] Op.cit,(D’altroy,2002), p.218 [43] Ibid,p.218 [44]Op.cit(Parssinen,1992) p.167 [45] Ibid, p.167 [46] Op.cit,(Saloman,1996),
Machu Picchu is one of many royal estates built by the Inca Emperors. It is located in Cuzco, Peru. Machu Picchu is 7,970 feet above sea level. The mountain is smack dead in the middle of a tropical forest. Burger (n.d.), “The term Machu that precedes Picchu means old and was used by locals to differentiate it from the small hill behind it called Huayna Picchu, which means young” (p. 5) Machu Picchu was home for royal blood, servants, farmers, and care givers when not many people were around in the winter.
Both countries, after centuries of immigration and emigration, have populations where only about 50% (52.6% in Puerto Rico and 55% in Bolivia) of people are of Amerindian heritage. Both have histories of Spanish colonization. In 1493, Christopher Columbus landed on the shores of Puerto Rico and claimed it as a Spanish colony, 30 years later, Francisco Pizarro, did the same to the Incan Empire which dominated Eastern South America; at the time, Bolivia was part of Peru. Today, both nations have a rich variety of culture and tradition. Puerto Rico and Bolivia are cultures rich in fine art of all forms.
Xunantunich is a Classical period ceremonial site, and is thought to have been inhabited from around 300-900 AD. Sometime in 900 AD, the site was abandoned, most likely because of an earthquake. Xunantunich was the first site in Belize to be open to the public when a road and a ferry were built in 1954 to cross the Mopan River, which is located about a mile west of the Xunantunich site. When the site was opened, a small museum was built to house the original friezes located on the walls of the 130 foot El Castillo, the largest pyramid in the plaza at Xunantunich and the second largest pyramid in Mayan history-second only to the Caana pyramid at Caracol. The two friezes were taken from the original walls of the pyramid and replicas were cast and
The swastika symbol has been used throughout history, and it can be traced back 3000 years back to the Egyptians, but was used in the Buddhist religion in the 6th century, so it shows that the background of the building is based off a religion all the way from the 6th century. The photographs of the dead members of the Tam Bao Temple are an efficient way to track the building back to its history. They keep photographs of every member that has passed away on display. On the photographs it dates back to its every first member that passed away, all the back in 1986, Hon Nghia, he
Bronislaw Malinowski Introduction Bronislaw Malinowski was born on April 7, 1884 and died on May 16, 1942, just after his 58th birthday, of a heart attack while preparing to conduct summer fieldwork in Mexico. Malinowski is one of the most important anthropologists of the 20th century who is widely recognized as a founder of social anthropology. He is remembered as the father of the functionalist school of anthropology as well as for his role in developing the methods and the primacy of anthropological fieldwork. He made his greatest contribution as an ethnographer. An ethnographer is a person who gathers and records data about human culture and societies.
Every year about three million gather for the major pilgrimage, or Hajj, during the Muslim month of Dhu'l-Hijja, and many more perform the minor pilgrimage, or Umrah, at various times throughout the year. Few non-Muslims have ever seen the rites and rituals of the Hajj, as non-Muslims are strictly prohibited from entering Mecca and Medina. Roadblocks are stationed along roads leading to the city. The most famous incident of a non-Muslim visiting Mecca was the visit by the British explorer Sir Richard Burton in 1853. Burton disguised himself as an Afghani Muslim to visit and write Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to Al Madinah and