Louis XIV takes over after Mazarin’s death in 1661 The revolts alarmed the young king into believing that only a country with absolute monarchy could prevent civil war. Louis believed that his power came from God and no one should question it. This was known as "divine right". After Mazarin's death in 1661, Louis XIV ruled as an absolute monarchy However, many obstacles stood in the way of absolutism in France: Nobles had the means to raise private armies and build fortifications. The king did not have the means to raise and keep an army himself and had to rely on these nobles to defend the nation; The Huguenots, who since the 1598 Edict of Nantes by Henry IV, held the rights to bear arms and to build fortifications in certain locations.
However after Karakazov attempts to assassinate the Tsar in 1866, he becomes much more autocratic, revealing that he had no intention of significantly developing politics, his use of the Zemstvas were in fact to help sustain autocracy, through making local administration more efficient. It can be suggested from this that Alexander II had put the Zemstva Act in place to appease the nobles angered by the Emancipation Act. Alexander III was much more of a successful autocrat. His reactionary attitude led to the reversal of many of his father’s liberal reforms, and was in some cases angered by them. Alexander III re-implements Tsarist form, through the use of repression and terror.
Napoleon centralized the governmental systems and settled the French relationship with the Catholic Church. When Napoleon continued to take over countries, people began to realize that Napoleon was self-obsessed and was not in favor for the people. There were many things that contributed to Napoleon earning the title of a tyrant. Napoleon would do almost anything for power and control. He was overconfident with himself and took conquering too far, such as trying the Continental System to defeat Great Britain.
Maximillien Robespierre was a man with drastic reformatory aspirations. He considered the general will to be a necessity and resorted to the Terror because he wished to create a temporary dictatorship in order to save the Republic. He praised the revolution and disguised the gruesomeness of his actions and intentions by reasoning that the Terror was virtuous since it defended the Republic. The Jacobins were liberal radicalists who wished for a central government, control over the economy, and universal suffrage. With the replacement of the Girondins faction in 1793, the Jacobins had complete control of the National Convention, and France as a nation.
Autocratic leader exercises autocracy system as the principal of the country. As autocratic means one ruler it is essential for that exact leader to be tremendous in governing and have good line of bureaucrats or else the country will fall apart. For Napoleon Bonaparte, he was a successful autocratic leader as he learnt from the previous mistakes made by several institutions during French Revolution. His key ingredients of establishing a strong autocratic government in France was divided into two views, political and social economic, according to historians. Some historians believed that political view was the reasons for Napoleon Bonaparte’s strong autocratic government.
The first two estates worked together to outvote the large third estate to keep them from becoming a threat to the power. Lord Acton, an Englishmen, states that the monarchy being overthrown wasn't the spark of the Revolution. He recognizes the American Independence as the spark of the French Revolution. The French government was inefficient, unjust and corrupt. There were numerous government departments, different laws in different parts of the country and officials.
The first two estates worked together to outvote the large third estate to keep them from becoming a threat to the power. Lord Acton, an Englishmen, states that the monarchy being overthrown wasn't the spark of the Revolution. He recognizes the American Independence as the spark of the French Revolution. The French government was inefficient, unjust and corrupt. There were numerous government departments, different laws in different parts of the country and officials.
Louis XIII (1601-1643) and Louis XIV (1638-1718) was a father son pair of kings for the French, who both believed to rule by divine right, but they differed in how they used their religious factor in their country and how they managed their kingdoms finances. Louis XIII relied on his Cardinal who helped him rule and manage the kingdom. While Louis XIV trusted only himself to rule his Monarchy. This led to different outcomes in their monarchies. Louis XIII and Louis XIV both claimed to rule by divine right.
In the adaptation by Neil L. Cooney it’s mentioned that Thomas Hobbes had three ideas. The first one it states that God gave the right of government upon the king or the monarch. This meant that the people were supposed to listen to the king because he had the same power as God. Since Britain and France wanted to get rid of their king they had to come up with new ideas of the origin of government. Making a “Social Contract” where it stated that God’s authority was actually given to the people and not the king himself.
He was also not involved with problems of the 3rd Estate (97% of the French population), which were basically the commoners. Initially, this would not cause any big problems because the 3rd Estate knew that they had nothing to say even if they were the majority, just because the other Estates were simply more important. However, this changed during the Age of Enlightenment which brought new ideas inspired from the British and the American society. Voltaire, the leading French thinker stated that France would not be free as long as its King was an absolute monarch. John Locke, an other Enlightenment thinker, affirmed that each and every single person is born with rights.