In 1951, the father of a black student named Linda Brown sued the Board of Education because a white school had prevented Brown from attending a school which was only seven blocks away, compared to the segregated black school she was attending which was more than seven blocks away from her home. Despite losing the first legal battle, Brown’s father did not give up. He found help from the NAACP, a prominent civil rights organisation which appealed on his behalf to the Supreme Court of USA. Following the appeal, in May 1954, Chief Justice Earl Warren declared the US Constitution to be ‘colour-blind’ and therefore ordered the Topeka Board of education to end segregation in its schools. This was one of the first major steps in the civil rights movement.
My fears were based on my ignorance of the situation as I was twelve hundred miles away at school in Gainesville Florida. Reflecting back on the story I regret my decision to have my mother omit her involvement, because her account would have brought a new perspective to the situation as she aided both black and Jewish people during the riots. The theme that the author was trying to present in “Fires in the Mirror” is that of anger and racial divide amongst the Lubaviticher Jewish community and the community of people of African American & Caribbean descent. Both sides felt they were the victims in this conflict and that the victimization goes back much further than the riots.
In response to numerous unsuccessful attempts to ensure equal opportunities for all children, African American community leaders and organizations across the country stepped up efforts to change the educational system. In 1950 members of the Topeka, Kansas, Chapter of the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) agreed to again challenge the "separate but equal" doctrine governing public education. The strategy was conceived by the chapter president, McKinley Burnett, and the law firm of Scott, Scott, Scott and Jackson. For a period of two years Mr. Burnett had attempted to persuade Topeka school officials to integrate their schools. This law suit was a final attempt.
It is obvious that Hurston wanted a good education from the beginning, to start off in the already rough everyday life of the racial period for African Americans. At the time, it was a difficult time period for blacks, and she knew she would have to go the extra mile no other African American woman had attempted yet. She wanted to have a good chance to become a noticeable, talented writer, and had achieved this success through her most knowledgeable novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God. After finishing college, completing many books, and taking many simple, low paying jobs, Hurston found herself poverty struck and charged for a crime. "After suffering many setbacks, including the allegation of committing an immoral act with a minor (which was later dropped), Hurston returned to the life of poverty," (Doe 1).
Her father, Robert Church was the south’s first African American millionaire and her mother, Louisa Church was a hair salon operator. As a child, she lived in a predominantly white neighborhood where she was a victim of acts of racism and where she saw her father get shot during a race riot. These events led her to become curious about the history of African Americans. She attended a “model school” in Yellow Springs, OH and then transferred to a public high school in which she was an outstanding student. She then went on to further her education at Oberlin College where
The Brown case took place in 1954, it was Brown v. The Board of Education of Topeka. Oliver Brown took the state of Kansas to court for not providing adequate education to his daughter – Linda Brown. Linda Brown was forced to attend an all-black school which was twenty blocks away from her home, her father argued that Linda would be much better served attending the local white school which was closer to the Brown’s family home. The Brown case was very significant as it was the first time the NACCP won a case that was at the root of segregation. The Supreme Court argued that the segregation of education had a negative effect on those who were black as it made them feel less worthy and could influence low self-esteem among those who were black.
Her father tried to get her into a white school, which was only seven blocks away, but the principle of the school refused to allow her to enroll. Brown went to the head of Topeka’s NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) and asked for his help. The NAACP was all eager to help the Browns in their case against the school because they wanted to take on segregation in schools for quite some time. The case was described as, “the right plaintiff at the right time.” By 1951, with other black parents joining the cause, the NAACP pushed for an injunction to end segregation in Topeka’s public schools. When the U.S. District Court for the District of Kansas heard their case, the NAACP argued that segregated schools gave the message to black children that they weren’t equal, and naturally inadequate.
Growing Up Black Rosa Parks lived in Pine Level, Alabama very early in her life but later moved to Montgomery, Alabama to live with her maternal grandparents. From an early age she knew inequality wasn’t fair and protested against any ill treatment ever since she was young. She says that it was mostly from her grandfather she learned not to, “put up with bad treatment from anybody. It was passed down almost in our genes”. Her grandfather was half white and half black.
第 7 卷 第 11 期 Vol. 7 No.11 2010 年 11 月 读与写杂志 Read and Write Periodical November 2010 Jane Eyre: A Rebellious Woman ——An Analysis on Jane Eyre’s view of Love — 孙瑛瑛 （ 河南省信阳师范学院大学外语部 河南 信阳 464000 ） Abstract ：It may be the complicated plots of a novel that fascinate its readers at first and for some time, but it its great character that makes it stay in our memory forever. Jane Eyre is such a novel. The reason why Jane Eyre holds its remarkable status in the history of English literature and ever becomes one of the most famous novels in the world is just that it successfully depicts an intelligent, faithful and brave woman who has the courage to revolt and strive for equality. Anyone who reads the novel will —— remember the female character—Jane Eyre and be very impressed by her rebellious spirit, which is discussed in this article through the analysis of her views on love.
Her expertise has gained her the title of Doctor and her presence is more powerful than a thunder storm. Dr. Angelou, proudly takes on a leadership role and has graciously accepts the title of one of the most renowned and influential woman of our time. She has done it all from being the first female African American cable car conductor to activist, memoirist, educator, actress, producer, filmmaker and the list continues. II. Body: A. Maya was encouraged by her dance teacher to explore the world of literature.