There are various methods that are used to study cortical specialisation. Which can be discussed under separate headings; Clinical/anatomical methods which involve intervention of the brain which is accidental such as injury to and disease of the brain. There are also invasive methods which involve intervention of the brain which is deliberate. Other methods used to study cortical specialisation are non-invasive methods which involve recording the brains activity without making deliberate interventions. Clinical and anatomincal studies compare what people could do before their brain damage with what they can do afterwards.
Damage to the amygdala or hippocampus causes loss of emotions and memory respectively. By removing part of H.M.’s temporal lobe which meant some parts of the amygdala and hippocampus, he suffered severe amnesia. He could remember things that happened a longtime ago and even his name meaning that his long-term childhood memory was intact but short-term memory was severely affected. By learning new motor skills but not conscious of them, it showed that the brain has different parts that controlled memory. According to me, H.M.’s inability to recall the words was a problem of consolidation as well as a long term memory problem.
This has contributed to our understanding of our behaviour because we know that the different parts of the brain work together to produce behaviour as opposed to just using only just one part of the brain. This is shown with patients who have their Corpus Callosum cut, which is the middle part of the brain that allows both the hemispheres to communicate with other. When this is severed, the brain’s hemispheres cannot communicate with each other anymore, instead they work independently, for example, the right side of the brain is responsible for the left half of the body and the left side is responsible for the right side of the body. Because the sides are no longer able to communicate, the parts of the body work independently with the left part of the body operating to what the right hemisphere sees and the right part of the body operating to what the left hemisphere sees. However, the just because one part of the brain is damaged it doesn’t make a huge change to our behaviour, for example if Wernicke’s area of the brain, the area that is responsible for understanding language was damaged, we won’t be capable of understanding
4 marks 3 studies – HM, KF and Clive W MARK SCHEME – KF – impaired stm, unaffected ltm One study which demonstrates that LTM AND STM are different is the study of HM. HM suffered from brain damage due to an operation he underwent to remove the hippocampus from both sides of his brain this was to reduce the severe epilepsy he suffered from. HM’s personality and intellect remained intact but he could now no longer form new long term memories although he could remember things from before his surgery. This could suggest to us that the hippocampus acts as a ‘gateway’ though which new memories must pass before entering permanent
FUNCTION Located in the area around your forehead. It is one of the four subdivisions of the cerebral cortex. It has a role in controlling movement and in activities like judgment, creativity, problem solving problem, short term memory and coordinating of behavior. It is one of the four major subdivisions of each hemisphere of the cerebral cortex. It is located in the left and right sides of the cerebrum.
It can grow not just the outer skin but inside the body, it can grow on the surface of the eye inside the throat and other places. Older physicians didn’t have much knowledge of disease but they operated off of theories, like they would bleed patients and make them sweat to try and cure the sick. They believe that disease is caused by imbalance of the bodies humors. In the mid-1600s people started to look at problems from a scientific standpoint. This was the first disease that physicians were actually able to
C) An antagonist does the opposite of agonist. They bind to receptors and block neurotransmitter functioning. 3) A) the four lobes of the brain are the frontal lobe, the parietal lobe, the occipital lobe, and the temporal lobe. B) One function of each would be: The frontal lobe is involved in speaking and min muscle movements. The parietal lobe receives sensory input for the sense of touch.
MS is thought by some doctors to be an autoimmune disease which is when the response in your immune system doesn’t work properly. Others strongly disagree because the target hasn’t been discovered yet. Instead, it is referred to as an immune-medicated disease which is. The central nervous system is made up of the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. There are four main types of MS, those types include: Relapsing-remitting MS, Primary-progressive MS, Secondary progressive MS and Progressive-relapsing MS. Relapsing-remitting MS is the most common type to have.
Rather, there can be early or mild stages of AD, which then progress to moderate and severe stages of the disease. One reason for the confusion about dementia and AD is that it is not possible to diagnose AD with 100% accuracy while someone is alive. Rather, AD can only truly be diagnosed after death, upon autopsy when the brain tissue is carefully examined by a specialized doctor referred to as a
With the help of dopamine healthy human beings are able to move the way they want to. However, with Parkinson’s disease, nerve cells are broken down and there is no longer enough dopamine to allow those affected to properly move the way they want to. Although, the exact causation of this nerve break down has yet to be pinpointed, by studying each patient and their symptoms we are gaining more of the information and tools needed to understand PD and its potential