A European physician, Professor A Weichselbaum, discovered the cause of the mysterious cerebro-spinal meningitis illness in 1887 and Penicillin was the first antibiotic used to fight the disease. In 1978 the first vaccine was created and mass vaccinations during that year caused a substantial decline in the number of meningitis outbreaks (Fredericks, n.d.). There are three main types of meningococcal disease serogroups: B, C, and Y. Worldwide there are also A and W-135. USA vaccines cover A, C, W-135, and Y but not B (Coffee, 2015).
It would take years to discover that there was much more to the story than the benign introduction of a new, highly effective painkiller. In 1952, brothers Arthur, Raymond, and Mortimer Sackler purchased Purdue Pharma, then called Purdue Frederick Co. All three men were psychiatrists by trade, working at a mental facility in Queens in the 1940s. The eldest brother, Arthur, was a brilliant polymath, contributing not only to psychiatric research but also thriving in the fledgling field of pharmaceutical advertising. It was here that he would leave his greatest mark. As a member of William Douglas McAdams, a small New York-based advertising firm, Sackler expanded the possibilities of medical advertising by promoting products in medical journals and experimenting with television and radio marketing.
Charles Drew: Doctor, Surgeon (1904-1950) Charles Drew was a successful surgeon, teacher, and researcher. He was responsible for the founding of two of the world's largest blood banks. Because of his research into the storage and shipment of blood plasma, he is credited with saving the lives of hundreds during World War II. He was director of the first American Red Cross effort to collect and bank blood on a large scale. In 1942, a year after he was made a diplomat of surgery by the American Board of Surgery at Johns Hopkins University, he became the first African American surgeon to serve as an examiner on the board.
Farben whom is known as the largest chemical and pharmaceutical company in the world. These combined powers created the Food & Drug Administration (FDA). In 1930 the FDA was established to help resolve the condition of the products sold across the United States. I felt that the background to I.G. Farbens ties to the Nazi war machine was somewhat over the top.
Meth addiction harms the body in a horrific way, the drug is made up of chemicals that can kill a person also leading to the addiction, and in order to get over the drug it’s a continuous battle the person must want it for themself, and have the strength over their own mind they can’t be weak or they will fail and relapse. In the beginning use of Meth there are not many changes in appearance, but within a couple months a person’s whole appearance can be changed. The body tends to get very thin, and for most people their skin starts getting picked at leaving open wounds. The appearance can change so fast that the person may not even be recognizable. Not only does the appearance change so do the mind.
Eugenicist , the study of or belief in the possibility of improving the qualities of the human species or a human population, especially by such means as discouraging reproduction by persons having genetic defects or presumed to have inheritable undesirable traits. (dictionary.com) The Eugenics Laws also known as the Sterilization program, effecting thousands of lives across the country, was practiced by surgeons who used the eugenic philosophy .In 1907 Indiana became the first state to enforce a sterilization law. Thirty states passed sterilization laws, including North Carolina, which passed the N.C. Sterilization Act in 1929. In 1933 as a result of a lawsuit filed by Mary Brewer, the N.C. Supreme Court ruled that the Sterilization program was unconstitutional, because of the lack of public hearings or a notification
Typically, people with depression find it hard to go about their day-to-day activities and may also feel that life is not worth living. People with depression may take antidepressants, which are psychiatric medication to alleviate symptoms. When taken, antidepressants affect the nervous system in your body, mainly your neurotransmitters. There are several forms of depression. Major depressive disorder and dysthymic disorder are the most common.
With this being the case, antipsychotic medications often have side effects that need to be monitored regularly by the health professionals (Young et al, 2011). Compliance is often a challenge with patients either because of the unmanageable side effects they experience or through limited insight. It is a role of the health professionals involved in the care to closely monitor this behaviour, as the effectiveness of the treatment may be affected (Young et al, 2011). Keller, Drexler &Lichtenberg (2009) discuss the benefits of treating paranoid schizophrenia with atypical antipsychotic medication clozapine and Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT). However both forms of treatment are linked with harsh side effects.
He resigned his position at MIT when the symptoms began to control his life, and he received his diagnosis shortly after. This marked the beginning of his struggles with the mental disorder that would torment him for the rest of his life. Schizophrenia is “characterized by a broad spectrum of cognitive and emotional dysfunctions including: delusions and hallucinations, disorganized speech and behavior, and inappropriate emotions” People who have this disorder usually experience “devastating effects on the lives of themselves and on those of family members” (Durand & Barlow, 2006, p. 471). Those affected by schizophrenia have a hard time finding employment, starting a family, and living a normal life. A large portion of those affected by the disorder spend a lot of time in state and mental facilities, and many live in poverty or become homeless (Javitt, C., Goyle, & T., 2004).
In the time in which the barber and surgeon were one in the same, these patients were poor, and cures ranged from a variety of cruel practices. Many, if they were poor or if it was well known that their parents had committed a sin, were left to be cared for by their families or wander the streets of the cities. Some, if possession had been the diagnosis, a Catholic exorcism would be done to remove it, while those diagnosed as witches were burned at the stake. In extreme cases, to remove the insanity, a surgeon would make a hole in the patient's head in order that the madness would escape, a treatment that was more fatal then its disease. If the mentally ill person was of a richer class, they would be either killed or be locked away all their lives.