Letter From Birmingham Jail

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September 20, 2011 Civil Rights Movement and the “Intent to Harm” Michael Nagler defines violence as “the intention to harm.” He goes on to state that violence is a human phenomenon that does not consist in action but in desire, “the wanting to hurt others.” Martin Luther King Jr. would not agree with this definition. According to his ideas in “Letter from Birmingham Jail” he blames the violence on the power structure and the status quo of segregation that was present during the 1960s. King advocates nonviolent direct action towards the unjust laws of segregation which in turn brings out hidden tension as well as creates new tension. This tension will help the “white moderate” understand the evil problems that segregation causes and hopefully change their perspective on the issue. The white moderate believes that you should follow every law no matter it be just or unjust, whereas all laws making segregation legal are considered unjust, in order to hide from tension and keep order in the community. King states that tension is a “necessary phase of the transition from an obnoxious negative peace” (King 7). In order to change the status quo, tension needs to be present and directly in front of the eyes of the general public. Nonviolent direct action in terms of the civil rights movement can also be defined as civil disobedience: purposefully disobeying unjust segregation laws in a manner of nonviolence. In the letter, King states that “In any nonviolent campaign there are four basic steps: collection of the facts to determine whether injustices exist; negotiation; self-purification; and direct action” (King 2). If negotiations had prevailed, it would not have had to come to the direct action that he pursued prior to this letter being written. After going through these steps in Birmingham, it became clear that negotiations were taking too long and
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