Learning Styles and Mathematical Word Problem

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REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES This chapter presents a review of the related literature and related studies which have the bearing to the present study. RELATED LITERATURE I. LEARNING STYLE Gregorio (1976 ) believes that learning involvess repeated eperiencess which modifynthe learners attitude, ideass, knowledge, habits, and sskillss in a new way of looking at things. He also believe that to guarantee the acquisition of learning outcome and to ensure understanding the theory of sself-activity, that is essentially eperiencing, teaching, doing and undergoing must stimulate the thinking and reasoning powers of the students. Further, procedure must provide opportunity for thinking and through organizing. Cross(1976) defined learning styles as the characteristic ways that individuals collect, organize, and transform information into useful knowledge. Learning style is consistent across a wide variety of tasks. It has a broad influence on how information is processed and problems are solved, and it remains stable over many years. Gregorc and Ward (1977) stated that learning style consists of distinctive and observable behaviors that provide clues about the mediation abilities of individuals. In operational terms, people through their characteristic sets of behavior tell us how their minds relate to the world and therefore, how they learn (p.19). Hunt (1979) thought that learning style describes a student in terms of those educational conditions under which he is most likely to learn. Learning style describes how a student learns, not what he has learned. (p. 27). Learning style is the composite of characteristic cognitive, affective, and physiological factors that serve as relatively stable indicators of how a learner perceives, interacts with, and responds to the learning environment. (p. 3). (Keefe and Languis,

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