Learning and Memory (Local Related Literature)

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Local Related Literature Learning Learning plays enormous roles in our lives. It involves the different stages of our development as an individual – in perceiving things around us; in interacting and associating with people in our environment; in identifying and mastering our feelings and emotions; and in controlling our behavior so as to conform to the standards of our society. Learning is defined as “mental activity by which knowledge, skills, habits, attitudes and ideals are acquired, utilized and retained resulting in the progressive adaptation and modification of behavior”. (Kelly, 1994.) the acquisition of certain behavior is measured according to some aspects of performance such as accuracy of a motor skill or the ability to recognize and repeat words. (Kaplan, 1991). Learning may also be a product of maturation. Memory Memory is the process of storing and retrieving information. Retention of the past experience is a part of learning. A variety of terms are associated with memory Retention measures the difference between what was originally learned and what id remembered. Recall is the process of remembering in which without outside help, we produce materials by finding them within our own storehouse of memory. Example: we are able to greet and call people by their names after not having seen them for many years. Recognition is a flash of knowing someone or something which we have seen or learned before. Example: You might recognize a girl you know in childhood of you pass by her on the street, butyou may not be able to recall her name. Relearning is something previously learned and is learned again. In relearning, people usually learn faster than they did the first time. Over-learning is an aid to retention more for non-sense or difficult material than it does for easy, highly organized material. Reference: Psychology in Action, Grace

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