Lct Memory Component

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Cognitive Views of Learning I. Basic Assumptions of Cognitive Theorists 1. True learning is active learning. 2. Prior knowledge affects new learning. 3. Knowledge is constructed by the learner (constructivism). 4. The human information processing (HIP) model is unique to humans and helps explain learning by focusing on how memory works (theoretically). II. Activating Prior Knowledge How do you remember important information and experiences? What do teachers do that helps you remember important information and skills? video III. HIP Terms Encoding—processes by which info is entered/modified for ease of storage. Storage—processes by which info is retained. Retrieval—processes by which info is found or accessed for subsequent use. Learning v Memory = acquiring/retaining v retrieval. IV. The HIP Model A. The Flow of Info—Arrows indicate how info flows through the 3 stages of memory, and how all stages are influenced by the powerful Executive Control Strategies, the overall decision makers and planners of memory. B. The Sensory Register (SR) SR is the first stage of memory—like a set of Venetian blinds that filters incoming info. Input from five senses via receptor cells Large capacity Short duration—about 2 seconds Implicit knowledge—knowledge we acquire without conscious awareness. Much processing by the SR is unconscious. Roles of attention and perception—These processes work with LTM to influence which sensory date we process through the process of pattern recognition. C. Executive Control Strategies 1. Attention—the allocation of central processing resources, or how we decide what info to process. Focuses mental processes on particular stimuli A limited resource Influenced by size, intensity, novelty, incongruity, emotion, personal meaning New tasks and difficult tasks require the most
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