The men who leased land from the King were known as Barons; they were wealthy, powerful and had complete control of the land they leased from the King. Barons leased land from the King which was known as a manor. They were known as the Lord of the Manor and were in complete control of this land. They established their own system of justice, minted their own money and set their own taxes. In return for the land they had been given by the King, the Barons had to serve on the royal council, pay rent and provide the King with Knights for military service when he demanded it.
His methods included increasing the effectiveness of certain existing methods to bring income to the crown, this included: * Ordinary revenue, this came in annually from crown lands and custom duties but also included the profits of justice (fines) and feudal dues on the lands retained in return for military services. Crown lands mean that Edward gained land from nobles so if a noble was to die, the king gained his land. This situation happened many times, with the Duke of Clarence and Warwick. Custom duties are taxes on imported goods. Edward IV was innovative and was interested in business and especially key commodities: tin, wool and cloth.
He did this by taking away all the lands from his enemies, and giving these lands as patronage to reward his allies. This sent a message across the country to those who were against him as well as increasing noble support and loyalty to the crown. This increased royal authority because nobles and other people were now more willing to support Edward because they are more likely to follow a strong leader. He did this in his second reign as well but this time he appointed magnates to control over lands, mostly close friends and family such as the Duke of Gloucester controlling the north and his own son the price of Wales controlling lands in Wales with the help of the Earl of Rivers. These friends and family were also given a palatinate which meant that if an over-mighty subject were to rise to overthrow Edward, like when the Duke of Warwick did in 1469, they had the power to build an army without royal consent and stop the over-mighty subject.
William I used castles such as Rockingham to stamp his authority across England, the castles were used as a chain of command aiding him to take over England. These castles or fuelled William with the terror he needed in order to conquer England efficiently and successfully, the castles have been dubbed ‘Engines of Terror’ by Schama. Castles had to be placed in Strategic Locations in order to fulfil their full potential as symbols of power, therefore preventing revolt. These locations were chosen for a number of reasons, the height of land, the location in England and how easily accessible resources were, would all be taken into account when looking for the best place to situate a castle. There were many reasons why castles such as Rockingham were built, for example when William introduced the feudal system to England castles played a key role helping the system to run efficiently.
It was the middle sort who made up the mass of the population and therefore to say their support is crucial is also to say that stereotypically, the middle sort were those who fought for and supported the ideology of, parliament. The ‘spontaneous enthusiasm of the yeoman families’(source 8) to fight in battle for the Puritan oligarchy reiterates how the middle sect were fighting on behalf of parliament because of their status in society. Source 8 agrees with the fact that those who fought for Parliament did so, because of class as a determining factor; men like ‘tradesman Nehemiah Wallington… clothier Samuel Priestley… and townsman John Coulton, sustained the parliamentarian cause in the field.’(Source 8) These entrepreneurial men, were independent from the kind and could survive without inherited wealth. They had generated their own background of wealth through hard work and innovative ideas, and fought for parliament because they did not need to rely on the king for their continued success. Their class – as the middle sect, fought for parliament because the hierarchical structure was something they regarded as unimportant to their success and in some ways, even hindered their development and progress.
The concept of nation-states with strong central governmental power stems from the consolidation of powers by some kings of the Middle Ages. These kings formed royal courts, appointed sheriffs, formed royal armies, and began to collect taxes - all concepts central to modern government. A leading example was the French kingdom, ruled by the Capetian dynasty from 987 until the early 14th century. French provincial nobles and their castles and knights were brought under effective royal control during this time, and national unity benefited. Conversely Germany, which had strong kings in the 10th and early 11th centuries, suffered a series of political conflicts during the High Middle Ages between rulers and the Church, which weakened national cohesion and elevated regional lords to great
This is an exception in under-developed countries such as India where a caste system is still present. Priestland’s belief is that through studying the past and how society functioned, we can understand and solve current day economic and social issues. The middle class has become the dominant factor in how most countries operate and succeed especially in the United States. After reading Merchant Soldier Sage: A New History of Power, I too am a strong believer in studying the past and how it has created the world as we know it and the world to come. Works Cited: Priestland, David.
During the eighteenths and nineteenth century, there was a changing in society in Europe and America, called the Industrial Revolution. Back then, both areas were rural with dependence on the use of agricultural to earn an income and feed themselves. When making tools or anything that required manufacturing, it was done in the homes of people with hand tools and basic machines. The Industrial Revolution was very important because during this time the invention of the steam engine boosted transportation and factory machines. Also the iron and textile industries benefited greatly with the revolution.
In France, on the other hand, the king’s power grew. During the war, the king had become popular with his nobles. Fighting the English had created a bond between them. As a result, the nobles supported the king after the war as well. The Black Death While the English and French fought the Hundred Years’ War, an even greater crisis arose.
This is how the British ended up becoming an important empire in the In the North Atlantic and this made the empire to become successful in the military at that time. This made Britain to become the ruling empire in the north. The two main models of England’s colonies in the new world are; Proprietary colonies and self-governing colonies. Proprietary colonies are colonies in which individual or more British crows were given large tracts of land in new world to supervise and utilize them. Before the British acquired land the colonies were financed and established under jurisdiction of joint stock companies working under charters given by crowns.