Stroke By: Tammy Johnson SCI/162 Submitted To: Ms. Goodwin In the paper we will discuss the etiology of strokes, the age and gender it affects, the symptoms of the disease and its treatment. A stroke is defined as the sudden death of brain cells in a localized area due to inadequate blood flow. Stroke happens when part of the brain’s blood flow is interrupted. If there is no blood to supply to the brain then there is no oxygen or nutrients, nor can waste be removed with that result then brain cells begin to die. A stroke can cause paralysis, speech impairment, loss of memory and reasoning ability, coma and even death.
Outcome 1 Know what a stroke is 1.1 Identify the changes in the brain associated with stroke Heart attacks and strokes are usually due to cardiovascular disease, a condition featuring body-wide damage to the delicate lining of the arteries the tubes that carry oxygen and nutrient-rich blood to all the organs, tissues and cells in your body and to the brain. The psychological, behavioural and emotional changes that take place after a stroke are part caused by physical damage to the brain. When the brain cells are damaged the sensations and parts of the body controlled by the cells can no longer function properly. This usually affects the left hand side of the body. But I personally have seen someone who has had a stroke and it has
5. Why are his isoenzymes elevated? What pathology caused this? They are elevated due to his Myocardial Infarction. LDH-1 level higher than that of LDH-2 is indicative of a heart attack or injury.
* Teach the patient about the procedures associated risks and benefits, what to expect during the transfusion, signs and symptoms of a reaction, and when and how to call for assistance. * Check for an appropriate and patent vascular access. * Make sure necessary equipment is at hand for administering the blood product and managing a reaction, such as an additional free I.V. line for normal
Crystal Hawkes October 11, 2010 Lumbar puncture is the approach resulting in the safe and successful removal and measurement of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) made on the basis of an individual patient assessment. Lumbar puncture is also called a spinal tap, spinal puncture, thecal puncture, and rachiocentesis (Medicinenet.com, 2005). This is a procedure to collect and look at the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord. The needle is placed in the lumbar section of your spine (L1-L5) to collect a sample of the CSF to test for blood cell counts, protein, glucose, the color, pressure of CSF, and other substances that may impact the function of the spine and brain (Rea, 2008). Lumbar puncture is done to find a cause to the symptoms possibly caused an infection, such as meningitis, inflammation, cancer, or bleeding in the area around the brain or spinal cord, such as subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Describe the mechanism(s) by which strokes occur. Cerebrovascular Accident- condition in which brain tissue is deprived of blood supply. The most common stroke symptoms are: • Numbness or weakness (paresis) of the face, arm, or leg, sometimes only on one side; • Confusion, trouble speaking or understanding speech (aphasia) • Trouble seeing • Trouble walking or dizziness; loss of balance or coordination (ataxia) • Severe headache with no known cause 1. Ischemic stroke (~83%)- blood vessel supplying brain tissue is blocked by a blood clot a. cerebral thrombus b. cerebral embolism 2. Hemorrhagic stroke (~17%)- A blood vessel breaks open, causing blood to leak into the brain 3.
2. If the diagnosis is in doubt, why are antibiotics administered immediately? If a patient has bacterial meningitis, it is known that they can become dangerously ill within 24 hours of showing the first symptoms. Acute bacterial meningitis can even be fatal in a few hours. If the physician suspects Heather has bacterial meningitis, they will treat her with antibiotics immediately.
MPII002-2.1 Describe how to recognise and manage head injuries including: ⍕ concussion ⍕ skull fracture ⍕ cerebral compression Any head injury is a potentially serious condition. Many injuries to the head lead to unconsciousness, which puts the airway at risk. The below are 3 conditions that may be present in a head injury: Concussion: A concussion is normally by a blow to the head, a child may be unconscious for a short amount of time after which they should start to come round and recover completely. Signs for this sort of injury would be a bump, bruising or swelling. A headache, nausea or vomiting and possibly drowsiness or blurred vision.
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA): Before birth, a large artery (ductus arteriosus) lets the blood bypass the lungs because the fetus gets its oxygen through the placenta. The ductus normally closes soon after birth so that blood can travel to the lungs and pick up oxygen. If it doesn’t close, the baby may develop heart failure. This problem occurs most frequently in premature babies. Treatment with medicine during the early days of life often can close the ductus.
•If chest pain is present, have client lie down, monitor cardiac rhythm, give oxygen, run a strip, medicate for pain, and notify the physician. These actions can increase oxygen delivery to the coronary arteries and improve client prognosis. •Place on cardiac monitor; monitor for dysrhythmias, especially atrial fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation is common in heart failure. •Watch laboratory data closely, especially arterial blood gases and electrolytes, including potassium.