The general size of Russia meant that most of it was uninhabited due to the poor infrastructure and travel availability, which was restricted due to the roads being mainly dirt which, in bad weather (which was generally most of the Russian climate), the roads would turn to mud and make them completely undrivable. This would mean that keeping in contact with the thousands of state governments and such would be almost impossible, as there would be next to no communication, and if there was, it would arrive weeks late, creating confusion and little advancements. Also, three quarters of the Russian population were peasants, who owned small plots of land, which could be traded and bought by other landowners. However, these were eventually freed, and each owner got a small plot of land and in return, had to pay an amount of money to the government, which meant a lot of small farms were in debt. This meant that the Russian agriculture was poor and the remaining farms used outdated methods and had no advancements for a while, due to illiteracy and such.
More than 1 billion people worldwide lack access to safe drinking water (Lawrence & Weber, 2011, p. 43). Especially in the developing countries, with poor water management it contributes to increasing malnutrition and disease, a losing of biodiversity and agricultural production, rising food prices, reducing economic growth and social stability, that leading to conflicts over water resources. The major source for of the Coca-Cola Company’s (TCCC) products is water. Even the company’s CEO admits “that unless the communities where the company operated had access to water, they haven’t got a business” (Lawrence & Weber, 2011, p. 43). Coca-Cola and its bottlers using 80 billion gallons of water every year worldwide; in which two fifths goes into finished beverages.
The shortage of water burned up the crops the minute they sprouted. Agriculture accounts for about 70% of water withdraws worldwide, increasing to over 90% in developing countries. Water is also necessary for the production of our food, the natural fibers of our clothing, biofuels and other goods based on agricultural raw materials. The average farmer feeds 150 people a day, and with the decrease of water means the number of people fed will decrease. Farmers today have spent thousands of dollars to update their irrigation practices.
For a long time, Russia had been considered backward, both in its political methods and its ways of life. 80% of the population were peasants and Russia itself was a very large country to govern. Modernisation was a way for the country to keep up with its European neighbours. There were two key areas that Sergei Witte, Finance Minister for Russia, was focused upon: Industry and Transport. He felt these areas would help to solve Russia's three biggest problems; Communication, Size and Social Divide.
A large number of Russia’s problems were caused by pre-existing conditions such as poor distribution of food supplies, transportation, and inflation. There are a number of other conditions that contributed to Russia’s war problems; however these are arguably the most important factors. Firstly, the requisitioning of horses and fertilisers by the military for the war effort made it difficult to sustain agricultural output, since farmers still used medieval farming techniques horses were needed to produce a harvest, this resulted in a huge decline in food production and threw the lower class into starvation. Furthermore, the army had first rights on the limited amount of food being produced and they had priority in the use of various transport systems, they also commandeered the railways and roads with the result that the food supplies that were available could not be distributed easily to the rest of the nation. This was terribly inconsiderate of the military as the other 82% of the nation was left to starve as the military was the government’s top priority.
Wages rose how ever there were too few goods on which to spend money. Also the creation of collective farms essentially destroyed kulaks as a class and this disruption led to a famine. I think that over all the first five year plan was not a success in strengthening the soviet economy because a lot of the targets set were not achieved for example the production of coal were 35.4; oil was 11.7 and steel 4 million tonnes. The actual target of these was double the amount produced. I think it was successful in the sense it increased urbanisation, several gains were obtained in heavy industry and wages rose.
This causes a high cost to the growers even after employing additional over time workers. Additionally the trucks arrive at RP1 randomly which makes the incoming shipment unpredictable. Currently, the manual classification of berries results in a $1.50/bbl premium incorrectly assigned to half of the highest graded berries. Also, RP1 doesn’t have enough capacity to hold wet harvested berries resulting in high truck waiting costs due to increase in wet harvested berries shipment. One of the important trends in the cranberry industry is the increasing surplus produced over the utilized berries.
As there was a shortage of supplies, standard “supply and demand” went up and inflation occurred and because 80% of Russian people were peasants and already poor this meant that many people went without causing famine. Famine in the degree that Russia had experienced made the Russian people want a change and to be rid of war, which ironically enough the Bolsheviks were offering. Food was not the only thing in shortage, so was fuel. As an undeveloped nation, Russia used coal and fuel to do everything from lighting fires to stay warm and cook food to transporting soldiers to where they needed to be. Due to the huge infrastructure of Russia, transporting
Stalin achieved most of his aims; Grain production rose to nearly 100 million tonnes in 1937, although the numbers of animals never recovered. Russia sold large quantities of grain to other countries; this of course made a huge difference to the economy in Russia. A colossal 17 million people left the countryside to go to work in the towns this was part of industrialisation which helped to improve the economy. The kulaks were eliminated, this was one Stalin’s main aims and finally, the peasants were closely under the government's control, which pleased Stalin greatly. There were many failures in collectivisation, particularly in the initial phases - output fell in the 1930s largely for three reasons; the peasants resented the state taking their land, machinery and livestock, so they did not work as hard and put more effort into their private plots, where they could keep any profit generated - who wouldn't?
The level of development in an area is an important factor that affects the impacts of natural hazards. Typically, LEDCs are seen to experience hazards with impacts considered worse than those in many MEDCs, even from the same hazard type. This is partly due to the fact that LEDCs often do not have the capital to invest in 'up-to-date' prediction and monitoring technology. They may even have a poor education system because of restricted capital, meaning that there are very few specialists in the country with the knowledge of hazards needed to prepare for them. Poor infrastructure means that information about impending hazards does not always reach those who are to be affected, leaving little time to prepare or evacuate.