Mental health professionals practice active listening and encourage the client to express their feelings. Mental health counselors develop and implement treatment plans based on the client’s physical or mental condition. Client information is collected through interviews, observations or tests which guide counselors in the development of therapeutic information strategies that will help clients deal with their problems by targeting at-risk behaviors which promotes optimum mental and emotional well-being of the client (Erford, 2010). Over the past decade organizations have come to the realization that mental health professionals need to become competent in cross cultural interactions. Competent multicultural mental health professionals play a key role in success of mental health counseling interventions (Connerley & Pederson, 2005).
Discuss how current counselling and psychotherapy practice emerged from psychiatry and psychology. Analyse the similarities and differences between psychotherapy and counselling practices. I will assess the origins of psychoanalysis and how this impacted on subsequent schools of thought.I will discuss the importance of Freud and how some of his theories were challenged by later psychologists resulting in differing models for therapeutic practice.I will explore how these models are applied to contemporary counselling and psychotherapy. I aim to analyse the similarities and differences between counselling and psychotherapy through critical evaluation of how these practices work within society today. By establishing differences between psychiatry and psychology,how counselling and psychotherapy emerged from these disciplines becomes clearer.Psychiatry relates to the process of healing the mind through medical intervention.Psychology has its roots within academic study and research of human and animal perception.Psychoanalysis is ‘interested in exploration of the unconscious mind in order to cure’.
Clinical psychology is defined as “the study of individuals, by observation or experimentation, with the intention of promoting change” (Compas & Gotlib, 2001). While the field of clinical psychology continued to expand, psychiatrists remained working with patients noted to have severe mental illnesses. During World War I, the two intelligence tests Army Alpha (verbal skills) and Army Beta (nonverbal skills) were introduced, making assessment the key focus of clinical psychology (Compas & Gotlib, 2001). The America Association of Clinical Psychology was established in 1917; following the creation of The American Association of Applied Psychology (APA) in 1930. The APA
The flag was also made for the pennsylvania navy. The flag was to have 13 stripes. In 1942 the u.s congress made a code for the American Flag. Lastly, George Washington asked Betsy Ross to make the very first American flag. The flag has been around 200 years.
Sigmund Freud was the first to challenge the view that mental disorders were caused by physical illness and proposed that psychological factors were responsible for the illness. The psychodynamic approach highlights the importance of the unconscious mind and early childhood experiences. Psychodynamic psychologist’s attempt to deal with the mental health issues of their patients by incorporating these ideas and creating therapies using these ideas. The basic concept behind psychoanalysis is that a patient that suffers from mental health problems such as depression can address any regressed feelings thus, the patient gains insight of and can learn to work through their emotional baggage. It is a generalised concept that if the cause of the symptoms were tackled it would only be logical that the symptoms would then cease.
Cognitive disorders: Are a category of mental health disorders that primary affect learning,memory, perception, and problem solving and include; amnesia, dementia and delirium. 1.2. Explain the key strengths and limitations of the psychiatric classification system. Strengths of Psychiatric Classification and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders include that it provides a well designed standard, and comprehensive diagnostic tool for clinicians and it allows physicians to look at the complete psychological make-up of a person. 1.3.
It takes into account not only the physical health of the patient, but also the patient’s perception of self and his or her ability to function in the community. The psychosocial assessment is used to create a comprehensive picture in order to map out treatment and nursing goals and to have accurate data on the patient’s psychosocial and mental status. Usually it takes the form of a series of questions asked by the health care professionals. Examination of Mental Status Objectives: 1) Define: Mental Status ,Orientation, Level of Consciousness, Memory, Lethargic, Stuporous, Comatose, Glasgow Coma Scale, Stressors, and Abstract Reasoning. 2) State the purpose for evaluating mental status.
C. (2008). Evidence-based group psychotherapy:using agpa's practice guidelines to enhance clinical effectiveness. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 64(11), 1238-1260. This article presents group psychotherapy practice guidelines and research literature that illustrate clinical dilemmas and challenges, which could be useful for professionals in the mental health field. The article provides a vignette of the challenges and dilemmas that a new social worker faces while running a group therapy on an inpatient unit of a psychiatric hospital.
Counseling is grounded in Developmental Theory and the counseling profession had its etiologic underpinnings in prevention and wellness. The counselor collects data to assess the client’s mental, emotional and/or behavioral problems or behavioral disorders to help clients adapt effectively with the concerns presented. Mental Health Counselors are concerned about the client’s environment with a more global view than other professionals, as well as a concern that goes beyond treating dysfunction or pathology and dealing with the clients’ self-awareness, personal growth, and wellness. Mental Health Counselors increasingly utilize a psycho-educational model for counseling clients, in conjunction with the more traditional medical/illness model for assessment and diagnosis. One day, I intend on advocating, planning, and teaching group therapy sessions that are based on post traumatic stress.
However before Freud, there were other theories concerning psychoanalysis. Sigmund Freud formulated his own theory of psychoanalysis in Vienna in the 1890s but before that, Freud was a neurologist interested in neurotic or hysterical patients and helping to find a treatment. He had become aware of the existence of mental processes that were not conscious as a result of his neurological consulting job at the Children's Hospital. He started to write about it and his first theory to explain hysterical symptoms was presented in Studies in Hysteria (1895), co-authored with Josef Breuer. As he became increasingly interested he received permission to study in Paris in the 1880s with Jean- Martin Charcot, a famous neurologist and syphilogist.