“Examples of specific services offered through projects include: Home based ante natal care, Breastfeeding Support Groups Advice, support and information on health related topics Early Language Development Programmes Play development for all ages and stages Age appropriate physical development opportunities High quality crèche sessions Promotion of the creative arts Support for smooth transitions between pre school and school.” (EarlyYearsSureStart) Nursery schools - Provide early learning and childcare for children between three and five years old. They are often based at Sure Start Children’s Centres or linked to a primary school. Preschools and playgroups - Usually run by voluntary groups providing part-time play and early learning for
(2007) the less a baby weighs at birth, the greater the risks to life during delivery and immediately after. Numerous studies have shown that Kangaroo Care offers the most benefits for preterm, high risk infants, allowing them to experience more normalised temperature, improved oxygen saturation levels, more successful breast feeding episodes; it has also been seen to act as analgesia and promotes mother baby bonding from an early stage. The practice of kangaroo care first originated in Bogota, Columbia and is comparable to marsupials care of their young and so the name Kangaroo Care (KC) was developed. In Bogota numerous infants commonly shared bedding space which increased cross contamination and infection which in turn contributed to a high mortality rate of up to 70% in premature infant’s .By comparison in the US the mortality rate in 1983 for very low birth weight infants was 39 %. Kenner et al.
Bowlby was very much influenced by Lorenz’s (1935) study of imprinting which showed that attachment was innate and therefore has a survival value - during the evolution of humans it would have been the babies who stayed close to their mothers who would have survived to have children of their own. In turn, Bowlbys evolutionary theory of attachment suggests that children come into the world biologically pre-programmed to form attachments with their main caregiver – usually the mother – in order to survive, this is known as monotropy. According to this babies instinctively seek proximity to their mother figures; hence they display social releaser behaviours, e.g. crying when in contact with a stranger, in order to stimulate care from mother. Forming this attachment provides a safe base, giving babies the confidence to explore, therefore Bowlby suggested that this initial attachment relationship acts as a prototype for all future social relationships so disrupting it during the critical period (first 2 1/2 years) can have severe consequences on the childs development.
After the first trimester of pregnancy the risk of congenital deformation drops to 2% (McCrary, ML, Severson, J, Tyring, SK 1999). The obstetrician would have recommended the immunoglobulin due to the fact that the pregnant woman had never developed the virus and so would not have been immune, as well as being in close contact with her infectious daughter. b) What are the risks to the baby if chickenpox is contracted during pregnancy? Chicken pox during pregnancy causes issues in 3 out of every 1,000 pregnancies (Ács, N, Bánhidy, FG Czeizel, AE 2010). If chickenpox is developed prior to 20 weeks, it is very difficult to treat and there is a larger chance that the newborn will suffer from Foetal Varicella Syndrome.
Breast milk provides the best ideal nutrition for infants because it can protect against infections and reduce the rates of later health problems including diabetes, obesity, and asthma. Breastfeeding is one of the most highly effective preventative measures a mother can take to protect the health of her baby. * Scripted Audience Questions A. Question: Are there medical conditions or reasons a women should not breastfeed? * * Answer: There are a few situation where breastfeeding could potential harm the baby.
After their pregnancy, tests were done on the pups by having them identify unfamiliar objects. As a result of this experiment, the rats who were allowed to exercise gave birth to smarter pups than the sedentary moms. Another study was done by researchers at the University of Montreal who recruited a group of pregnant women to test .Like the first experiment .a group of the women were told to exercise and the rest remained sedentary. As low as twenty minutes did the physically active women had to exercise for at least three times a week. After six months of this experiment the women finally gave birth and twelve days later were asked to bring their newborns for tests to be done on them.
OUTLINE AND EVALUATE THEORIES AND RESEARCH on the factors influencing our attitudes to food and eating behaviour. 24 marks A'level psychology AQA A SPECIFICATION Womb A01 Theory One factor that influences attitudes towards food is thought to start before an individual is even born. The food a Mother eats during pregnancy is thought to be detected by the unborn foetus. Basically it is hypothesised that a baby can taste what its Mother eats via the amniotic fluid (a baby continually swallows amniotic fluid throughout its gestation). A01 Research Research to support this theory compared pregnant Mothers who drank carrot juice during the final months of their pregnancy with Mothers who did not drink carrot juice.
According to Stӧppler, whether to use formula or to breastfeed should be decided prior to delivery, because production of milk in the breasts diminishes after childbirth due to the non-stimulation of breastfeeding (“Breastfeeding and Formula Feeding”). Although formula feeding has substantial convenience for the mother, breastfeeding is the superior feeding method due to the nutritional benefits serving as an essential part of rapid growth and brain development of an infant, together with providing for the mother’s wellbeing. Mothers hope to provide their baby with the best possible nutritional source from birth through to the first year of life. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, the most preferred feeding for infants is human milk due to the numerous health benefits it provides (qtd. in Stӧppler, “Breastfeeding and Formula Feeding”).
One positive issue is that co-sleeping helps to promote breast feeding. McVea mentioned that breast feeding studies had been shown to lower the risk of SIDS in infants (as cited in Mitchell, 2009), but others, such as Alm (2007), have said that breast feeding has not effect on the likely-hood of an infant suffering from SIDS or not. No matter the argument, breast feeding is still encouraged with newborns, as it does help with growth and development. “There is a very strong connection between sleep and sudden infant death syndrome”(Daltveit et al., as cited in Alm, 2007). In 1993 Scragg et al.
This information can often be conflicting, promoting the advantages of one way of feeding over another. The NHS (2007) identifies the advantages of breastfeeding as: providing all the nutrients a baby needs for the first 6 months of life; helping to protect a baby from infection and other diseases; reducing the mother’s chances of getting some illnesses later in life; helping physical and emotional bonding; helping the mother return to her pre-pregnancy figure; and being easy for the baby to absorb. In addition, breast milk protects against: ear infections, asthma, eczema, chest infections, obesity, gastro-intestinal infections, childhood diabetes and urine infections (NHS 2007) (see booklet enclosed). While the advantages of breastfeeding are well established, there are also disadvantages to this method of feeding. However, the NHS Education for Scotland cites Lawrence (1999): Disadvantages of breastfeeding are those factors perceived by the mother as an inconvenience to her since there are no known disadvantages to the normal infant.