Exploring the logic behind these theories, both philosophers make valid points about justice when it comes to property. Locke, however, presents a more applicable rationalization in recognizing that humans have an innate right to property and that God created the world in such a fashion that society can function only with unchangeable laws. Hume bases his theory off of personality and people’s natural relationships with one another. He understands that “sexual and familial affection forms the primordial or original relationships among persons… The natural concern men have for their families and their friends demands a more limited generosity or benevolence in dealing with others” (Cohon). Our inherent desires for goods combined with a moderate scarcity of availibity prompts greed.
However, there is also objective knowledge, which contrasts subjective knowledge. Objective knowledge is knowledge that is universal or agreed upon by everyone, regardless of viewpoint. Objective knowledge is unquestionable, for example one plus one equals two is generally agreed to be correct. Everybody is guided by objective knowledge to some extent, known as the law, because our universal definition of ethics is created by the law. Objective knowledge is usually based on facts, and is usually related to the sciences, whereas subjective knowledge is affected by the person’s position or attitude and is usually linked to the humanities.
Consider what is meant by justice. Discuss whether English Law achieves or fails to achieve justice Justice is an entirely subjective concept, largely depending on political affiliation, and previous experience of the legal system. Similarly to law, there is a vast amount of documentation providing different definitions and different theories of justice but is best described as what one believes to be the fairest course of action for both parties. In order to achieve justice, countries institute a legal system of some sort. Sir John Salmond defined law as “a body of principles recognized and applied by the state in the administration of justice”.
Diversity consists of both visible and non-visible factors, which include personal characteristics such as; background, culture, personality and work style and also the protected characteristics such as gender, race, sexual orientation, disability, religion and belief and age. By recognising and understand individual differences we are able to create an environment in which everybody feels valued. 1.1 b- Equality Equality means the state of being equal, especially in status, rights, or opportunities. Equality is about making sure that people are treated fairly and given fair chances. Equality is not about treating everybody in exactly the same way.
Hébert identifies 3 main general principles: Autonomy, Beneficence, and Justice. There may be other principles which are not special cases of these, e.g. respecting life. We can generally all agree to general principles, such as autonomy and beneficence. The disagreement comes over cases where the principles conflict, e.g., in abortion right, autonomy conflicts with beneficence.If a principle covers a case, it creates a duty.
Equality is a concept quite equivocal, form the Latin aequalitas "equal" , it can be characterized as what is equivalent , which is no different either quantitatively or qualitatively , we need to distinguish equal rights and social equality. This is why, in practice, egalitarian demand is often criticized for hurting individual freedom to the extent that characterized by the absence of difference, it would lead to uniformity. Consequently, does the claim of equal threat the freedom? However, we will dedicate ourselves to distinguish between no difference and lack of identity, because if equality is reflected in the lack of difference , it is not the lack of identity , so we can refute the argument of equality binds to the uniformity. Thus, the demand for equality is not necessarily antagonistic to that of freedom.
Rawls’ Principles of Justice “Justice is the virtue of social institutions, as truth is of systems of thought”(Rawls, p. 581). John Rawls’ book, A Theory of Justice, is an in-depth analysis and interpretation of social justice. Rawls presents and discusses two principles of justice, the liberty principle and the equality principle, which are the basis of his theory on justice. Rawls’ first principle of justice states “Each person is to have an equal right to the most extensive basic liberty compatible with a similar liberty for others”(Rawls, p. 586). This principle is basically asserting that fundamental liberties come first over anything concerning justice.
Justice as Fairness: Political Not Metaphsyical This article by John Rawls discusses the theory of justice which was presented in his book, “A Theory of Justice.” Rawls espouses the concept that justice should be devoid of controversial philosophical and religious doctrines, and instead be understood as political, or actually practical in nature. He further discusses two fundamental principles which should guide this thought process, specifically, that each individual has equal access to basic rights or liberties, and that social and economic inequalities must be attached to offices and positions that provide the greatest benefits for those most disadvantaged. Rawls goes into great detail to explain that his theory of justice is designed, not to focus on the metaphysical or epistemological, but rather as a structure for informed and willing political agreement between citizens who are viewed equally as being free. He avoids the attendant issues that may be considered philosophical, moral or religious, by using the argument that there would be no way to resolve them politically. Rawls also speaks to the issues of social cooperation, which is governed by publically recognized rules that once again, focus on political practicability and the rational advantages that would extend from this cooperation.
Very often, though, coherence is taken to imply something more than simple logical consistency; often there is a demand that the propositions in a coherent system lend mutual inferential support to each other. So, for example, the completeness and comprehensiveness of the underlying set of concepts is a critical factor in judging the validity and usefulness of a coherent system. A pervasive tenet of coherence theories is the idea that truth is primarily a property of whole systems of propositions, and can be ascribed to individual propositions only according to their coherence with the whole. Though this concept of truth may seem more applicable to aesthetics
It hoped that the Act would introduce a culture of human rights in the public service, as the rights were ‘mainstreamed’ and became an intrinsic part of decision-making and planning in all parts of the public sector. Secondly, the Act provided only limited remedies for violations of Convention rights. The rights can be enforced principally against public authorities only. There has been little horizontal effect, although section 3 of the Act applies generally and has had some beneficial effects, for example in relation to discrimination in succession to tenancies (Ghaidan v. Godin-Mendoza [2004] 2 AC 557). The omission of the right to an effective remedy for