Joseph Conrad's 'Heart of Darkness' and Chinua Achebe's 'Things Fall Apart': Creatures of the Dark

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Creatures of the Dark Chinua Achebe is highly critical of Joseph Conrad and his novel, Heart of Darkness, because he believes it to deprave Africans of their humanity entirely, leave them without a voice, and, as he states in his essay, “An Image of Africa”, use them as mere “props for the break-up of one petty European mind [Mr Kurtz]”. In response to Conrad’s text, Achebe wrote Things Fall Apart which he intended to act as a counter-argument to Heart of Darkness. He tells the story of an Ibo village in Nigeria with daily routines, families, rules, and rituals that hold significant meaning within the culture. I agree with Achebe that these sufficiently fulfill the criteria for a truly human community, and I would even go so far as to call the village as “civilized” as any European city. Despite arguments that Conrad’s use of multiple narrative frames helps to remove bias against Africans and allows the reader to use their own moral compass to come to conclusions, racism is still an eminent feature. Whether this was done intentionally or not, there are two main motifs in Conrad’s text that help convey a racist standpoint. Images of darkness indicate that Africans have a shadowy and primeval nature, while animal imagery projects them as subordinate and inhuman. Achebe counters these views in his writing by showing that darkness is only an incitement of fear, and by showing how animals play an important role in African stories about adulthood, creation, and relationships with nature. In the opening pages of Heart of Darkness, the protagonist and story-teller, Marlow, admits that England had “been one of the dark places of the earth” (Conrad 69) before “the Romans came” (70), but “light came out of [the Thames] since” (70). It is established right away that the image of darkness is representative of uncivilized peoples and light is representative of the civilized

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