Throughout history their have been many different ways in which people want their societies and and empires ruled. In document "Sima Qian: The First Emperor" The chief minister Wang Wan states "The states are newly defeated and the terrotories of the Yan, Qi, and the Chu are distant, so if we do not establish kings for them there will be no means of bringing order to them. We beg to set up your sons in authority, but it is up to the supreme one alone ti favour us with this agreement. "Meaning that now that their are new terrotories that have been defeated and taken over such as the Yan, Qi, and Chu, they should now assign each terrotory with a king or leader to put order and prevent problems. The only worry now is if the "supreme one" agrees with this request for he is the emperor and the one that makes the final decision (Sima Qian: The First Emperor).
Legitimacy of central power was established by the emperor using Han Feizi’s method of rule “shi” which incorporated Daoist spontaneous actions and wu-wei emptiness while knowing the true nature of reality. Han Feizi advocated in his 7 Statecrafts that a strong ruler speak in opposites and act in contradictories to manipulate orders and rule on a whim. Aggressive war was supported for bringing merit through danger, uniting people under the emperor and expansion to bring economic prosperity to advance power of the state. After unifying China and defeating all six other Warring States, the Qin state was divided into 36 commandaries and counties, abolishing Zhou feudalism and priveleges of the nobility system. The emperor ruled using officials and ministers through civil governors, military governor and oversears.
Though the Zhou dynasty was filled with continuous warring and unsteady governments, a numerous amount of philosophies began to materialize; Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism being the most known as they largely impacted both China’s society and politics. Each philosophy had their own distinct idea as to what an exalted political society should be, however there were similarities and a common ground on certain areas. After the death of Confucius, Confucianism came to be one of the most influential philosophies throughout Chinese history with the help of his devoted disciples who helped to continue his work. Confucianism stressed the importance of achieving total harmony, obedience and order. As shown in Document 1 which is an excerpt from Confucius’s “The Small Analects”, Confucius states that a gentleman should learn to be faithful, trustworthy, and be able to take the blame for their mistakes.
Imperialism Over Asia and Its Impact Shirley Hughes HIS: 351 Asia in Age of Decolonization & Globalization Professor, Holly Heatley November 7, 2011 Imperialism Over Asia and its Impact The advances in technology, agriculture, transportation, communication and more importantly military weapons gave Europeans the power to impose on other countries either by force or the threat of force. China suffered from unbalanced treaties after rebellions failed due to the Unification of European forces along with Japanese forces. China was forced into signing, while India suffered through the methods of divide and conquer, pitting the indigenous Hindu’s and Muslims against one another leaving the door open for British control. Japan with its military might and its aid in fighting with the allies during WWI was viewed as a great power. Japan’s industrialized economy needed resources, which Japan believed they could obtain through the same methods of imperialism.
* He chose to appoint independent governors to help avoid the collapse the empire * Shi Huangdi abolished the practice of the primogeniture in which the eldest son had to inherit all of their land. * Nobles were forced to divide the land among their heirs, this meant Shi took down the nobles to make sure his spot as emperor was safe and secure * He standardised the number of written characters to make one written language that everybody in the empire could understand * He introduced a single currency * He also introduced a uniform tax system * He introduced a new legal system called the Code of Qin * He ordered the small walls to be joint together to make one big wall called the Great Wall * He established an empire and bought peace to china * He rewarded people if they had come and told him about a crime * Did much to unify organise and protect the empire * Built grand buildings and palaces * Built a network or canals to connect the provinces * Ordered the carts to be built the same. | * Land was taxed and the tax was paid * He forced the nobles to divide their lands * The laws of the Code of Qin were harsh * Anyone who criticised the emperor were severely punished with either hard labour, mutilation or execution. * Shi Huangdi order all books that were critical of his government or that were not
Propaganda including, pictures of themselves all over the country, forcing people to worship him/her, and controlling what people talked about. Propaganda is used throughout the world in dictatorships, as well as any other form of government. The Han Dynasty(located in China) and Imperial Rome had many similarities and differences, such as: in both dynasties, they had one leader that controlled just about every aspect of the country, however, one of the major differences between the two were that in the Han Dynasty they had a monarchy form of government, where one man/woman is nominated to be the emperor/king, while in Imperial Rome the government was a family dictatorship, that’s a form of dictatorship where the leader has a cabinet of advisors to help him/her, such as a president or prime minister has. The Han Dynasty and Imperial Rome’s government were similar in many ways. Both dynasties made many great advancements, ecological and technological.
On the other hand, the autarkic Chinese empire was formal, insular, economically self-sufficient and relied heavily on both bureaucracy and an ethnocentric ideology to sustain itself. While it had a sizeable army, it had not needed to demonstrate its power to a foreign enemy since the Treaty of Nerchinsk a century earlier. In order to understand the progression of the British and the humiliation of the Chinese, the ‘four sinews of power’ (Hack, 2009) and the differing roles they played at different times will be examined in historical context. It will be suggested that ultimately, the Chinese failure to appreciate the determination of the British to open China to free trade led to the loss of their sovereign ports. The initial ventures to form British settler and plantation colonies in New England, Virginia and Barbados were funded by private entrepreneurs who sometimes received financial backing by the state (Unit 5, pp.183-190).In the years preceding the Macartney mission, the British mercantilist policy aimed to secure the economic exploitation of the peripheries; trade monopolies were created and protected by legislation such as the Navigation
Source A states that “they extended many of the reforms to the whole country”, but they did not describe how Qin Shi Huang and Li Si extended those reforms. However, Source B is rather critical of Qin Shi Huang’s rule and says that Qin Shi Huang used “skillful diplomacy, outright bribery, espionage, and brutal military conquest” to unify China. It was also mentioned
Alexander II’s reforms involved the 1864 Zemstva Act, which created local councils. These local councils had powers to provide roads, schools and medical services. However, the right to elect members was restricted to the wealthy. This meant that only the nobles would be in charge, as they would all vote their friends into office. However after Karakazov attempts to assassinate the Tsar in 1866, he becomes much more autocratic, revealing that he had no intention of significantly developing politics, his use of the Zemstvas were in fact to help sustain autocracy, through making local administration more efficient.
Principles of Warfare HS215 Great Commanders Principles of Warfare The Chinese Nationalist party took a very hard line against the communists, and went on a campaign of eradication starting in 1927. The Communist movement was almost extinguished, if not for the spectacular military leadership of Mao Zedong. He developed an army that could be loved and relied upon by the people. The innovative battlefield decisions he made kept the Red army not just alive but successful against a much better equipped and larger force. I believe that if Zedong had commanded the Confederate troops during the American Civil War, Sherman would not have stood a chance.