Gladstone’s main goal was to pacify Ireland and he was the first British politician to tackle the unfair way in which Ireland was run. Firstly the Disestablishment of the Anglican Church in Ireland, removed a major grievance for the Irish people. As only 12% of the population were part of the Anglican Church, yet they still had to pay tariffs towards it, Gladstone felt this was wrong and unacceptable. He felt it was unfair on the people in Ireland, and there was need for action after the Nationalist Fenian activity in 1867. The terms of the Act meant the Church was disestablished and disowned, leaving it to govern itself.
Northumberland’s religious views were unclear as he seemed to drift between beliefs in order to achieve the most power possible for himself. This asserted him as a strong politician as he was able to adapt to different situations and remain powerful. On the other hand it made him unpopular with the majority as he was seen as unstable and unreliable. During his time in power, Northumberland and the country made huge steps towards Protestantism whilst maintaining no rebellions. This tells us that he had firm control of the country, and was allowing change in the safest of manors.
A government was established in which people were elected into upper house and lower house, however the governors rarely made an appearance. Their independance meant that they had a wider franchise so they could pass useful acts to benefit themselves. Lack of communication was a major issue between the two, as Britain was over 3000 miles away. This meant that it was extremely difficult for Britain to have any involvement with the colonies, which resulted to salutary neglect. It could be argued that salutary neglect weakened the relationship, however the colonist's may have enjoyed this freedom to do what they wanted and make there own decisions.
However, the populist movement developed from here, eventually splitting into two groups; the Black Partition and the People’s Will. The latter was arguably an effective form of opposition as it was responsible for the assassination of Alexander II on the 1st March 1881. Following on from this there was no alternative to the regime on offer as the group lacked any real ideology or popular support and thus the opposition was not truly effective. What followed was the rule
Asses the reasons for the emergence of the Liberal Party by 1868 There were numerous different factors which contributed to the emergence of the Liberal party but all these reasons can be split into three main factors. The emergence of the Liberals in Parliament; Popular Liberalism and finally the weakness of their opponents. These factors ultimately lead to the amalgamation of separate parties such as the Whigs and the Radicals into one party that conveyed all their views and was revolutionary to the way that British politics were viewed, the Liberal Party. Opposition to the Liberal party was very limited in that there was only one other party to clash with, the Conservative party. Despite the fact that Britain had been a Conservative government before Liberal, the Conservative party was decidedly weak and provided barely any opposition to the Liberals.
* Napoleon bought stability which inevitably benefitted everyone after the chaos of the revolution FIRST PARAGRAPH (FACTOR IN THE QUESTION....IF THERE ISN’T ONE, START WITH MOST IMPORTANT) * Religious reforms (most important as it showed Napoleon exercising religious toleration) * Benefitted everyone, including the poor, peasants were very religious and had been afraid of the prospect of hell after the French revolution had effectively wiped out religion in France; therefore, when Napoleon introduced the concordat in 1801, the peasants were happy with the reinstating of Catholicism in France. * Concordat showed Napoleon being very tolerant of religion as whilst Catholicism was previously the state religion it became merely the majority religion; the religious toleration meant that Protestants and Jews were able to practice their faiths openly and freely; Napoleon took this a step further and paid the protestant clergy as he did the catholic clergy * Religious reforms put forth by Napoleon during the consulate benefitted the French public and showed Napoleon physically practising the idea of equality; however, some would argue that as Napoleon did make himself the head of the church in France which could be interpreted to mean that he wanted to ensure that he had influence
Shortly after he took over WW1 ended. The war had strengthened the unionists as the British leaders resented the South for staying neutral. In 1949 when the South left the British the British brought in the Ireland Act which guaranteed that Northern Ireland would remain part of the UK as long as the majority of people in the North wanted it. Brookebrough seemed to only worry about upholding Unionist control of Northern Ireland. He was not one bit concerned about the Catholics especially in areas of work “wherever possible to the ploy good Protestant lads and lassies”.
Use your own knowledge to assess how far the Sources support the interpretation that the reforms of 1868-74 were designed to satisfy interest groups which supported the Liberal Party. From 1868 to 1874 Gladstone introduced a number of reforms, some of which are considered to have been designed to satisfy interest groups which supported the Liberal Party and therefore maintain their votes. Sources A, B and D largely support this interpretation, whereas Sources C and E oppose it. Source A supports the statement by commenting on the reasons for the Disestablishment of the Irish Church in 1869; the writer, Matthew Arnold, implies that the Act was only introduced to satisfy the Non-Conformists as he states that the Disestablishment of the Irish Church was not for ‘the power of reason and justice but by the power of the Non-conformists hatred of Church establishments.’ This source is supported by the fact that Non-conformists made up 50 percent of the population, therefore it would have been one of Gladstone’s main motives for the act as it would have increased his support base dramatically. The source portrays that the Irish Church Disestablishment Act was not beneficial for the Irish, however the Act discontinued the payment of tithe, taxes which were paid to the Church, to services they did not use; this benefited the Irish as it meant money could be used on more favourable things, such as schools and hospitals.
While outliers were sometimes thrown off by the object of the movement. The Irish, during the Great Awakening, for example, were excluded by non-drinking Protestants. They were shunned for their religion (roman-catholicism) and drinking habits. Most denied jobs and forced to live out in the Five Points District. In short, if you wanted reform acts to work out for you in mid-nineteenth century america, you will have the best luck being the focus, and not just collateral
Decision Points Review In former United States President George W Bush’s memoir, Decision Points, leadership is exemplified to its upmost quality. Equipped with Christian ethics, nigh flawless integrity, a business degree from Harvard, steadfast tenacity for protecting American citizens, and a “good ole” southern drawl, George W. Bush has arguably been one of the most decisive, direct, and forward moving of all United States presidents. The events that took place following his Oath of Office, on the day of September 11th will never escape the minds of Americans, and because of Bush’s direct action, neither will that escape the minds of terrorism around the world. The impact Bush had on not only the U.S, but also the entire world during his