Henry VIII vs. John Calvin in the Protestant Reformation In the sixteenth century, stood the reformation of the Catholic Church in Western Europe. While the main focus was an internal renovation of the church, the outcome was much different than expected; the reformation led to a revolt against and an abandonment of principal Christian belief. The difference in the view and act of oneself was different from individual to individual during the reformation. While Calvin left for Geneva in 1536 from France because of the fear of persecution for the publically spread beliefs of his about the Church to the people, Henry VIII had manipulated the church for a way to receive a new wife in hopes for his first son. Different motivation stands for each of these people in what they did for the reformation.
He also made a start on reforming religion; in July 1547 he introduced the Book of Homilies and paraphrases, a religious document that had to be placed in every Church. Then in December 1547 the Act of Six Articles was repealed, this was a document that had re-established Catholic Doctrines. All of these policies were reforming religion and moving towards the Protestant way of running the Church, and Edward hoped that the introduction of Protestant readings, for example Cranmer’s first prayer book in 1548, would lead people to begin to convert to Protestantism. However religious revolution progressed far further under John Dudley the Duke of Northumberland, following Somerset’s fall from power. Despite originally being more conservative himself, and supporting that side of the Privy Council, he understood the need for religious reform under Edward and in 1550 all conservatives and Catholic Bishops, such as Gardiner, were
His ideas spread like wildfire to the population and forced the Catholic Church to bring reforms. John Calvin was born in 1509 and studied law and religion. He believed in pre-destination, a belief that a person is chosen whether they will go to heaven or hell when they are born. He was asked to help bring the Protestant Reformation in Geneva. He was very strict and put regulations on gambling, dancing, and swearing.
How far was the Pilgrimage of Grace caused by religious factors? (24) The Pilgrimage of Grace was an uprising in York in October 1536 headed by Robert Aske, a lawyer, protesting the Crown’s break with Rome and the dissolution of the monasteries. There are many factors that contribute to the pilgrimage of grace such as religion, social and economy, and politics. In the Lincoln and Pontefract articles of 1536 many articles clearly held religious meaning, suggesting that the Pilgrimage was caused by religious factors. For example in the Lincoln Articles it states that the rebels wanted “an end to suppression of religious houses” and “bishops in England do not have… the faith of Christ”.
With the Donatist controversy Constantine eventually appealed to them using force, attempting to persuade them to Catholic Church. He eventually abandoned this method as it appeared to be a persecution of the Christians all over again. Constantine did not just patronize the Christian religion, after the battle at the Milvian Bridge a triumphal arch was erected in remembrance of his victory, which had
This continued until Henry VIII, so desperate to produce a male heir, broke Papal control over England and named himself Head of the Church that taught an offshoot of Christianity based on the teachings of Martin Luther, the Protestant Church of England. This change did not make much difference, as the main different was the head of the Church and belief about divorce. Many more changes came after Henry died in 1547 and Edward VI became king. Edward, led by his advisors, moved England completely from Catholicism and to Protestantism. He passed laws such as making churches and bishops more plain, services be said in English and creating the Book of Common Prayer in 1549 and a refined version in 1552.
Was there really a threat to the Elizabethan regime from the Puritans? In 1559, Elizabeth created a religious settlement, which was mainly Protestant, but included many Catholic teachings. In theory, the settlement would end religious controversy and unite the people of the country. However, in practice, this didn't happen, as there was opposition to the settlement, from both Catholics and Puritans. Puritans were extreme Protestants who believed that Elizabeth's religious settlement was not enough – they believed that the Anglican church was still too much like the Roman Catholic Church.
Many of the defections took place during 1643, the year of parliament’s greatest military failure. In 1643, the Royalists appeared to be in a strong position as a result of the change in events in Ireland with the cessation of arms between the king’s men in Ireland and the Catholic rebels; this left soldiers free to join the royal army back in England and that is why John Pym proposed that parliament seek an alliance with the Scots. The Scots were also looking for a way to protect the religious changes that had come about as a result of the Bishops’ Wars. The alliance between the English
The Federalist revolt surrendered Toulon to the British after the Girondins had been expelled by the Jacobins Defection of Lafayette Vendee Rebellion - rebellion in defense of the church, bread shortages, conscription and against Parisian intrusion into provincial life. Much of western France rosi in 1793 at a crucial point when foreign armies threatened France also appeared to be threatened from abroad Padua Circular - Emperor Leopold, brother of Marie Antoinette, organized a coalition of French emigre nobles and other European powers that would put an end to the Revolution Pillnitz Declaration - Count of Artois, Louis’ brother & leader of emigre nobles, expressed his support of the Padua Circular Brunswick Manifesto - Proclamation that threatened war and ruin to French people if the republicans did injure Louis XVI or his family Pope Pius denounced the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Civil Constitution of the Clergy and pushed Louis in a similar stance Coalition of powerful neighbors all united against France 1793: Britain, Holland, Austria, Prussia, Naples Britain with stranglehold of Channel could ferry emigres across and blockade France. Support for Quiberon campaign 1795 It is impossible to disentangle the external and the internal threats The two threats were interwoven and interdependent. Yet far from making them stronger,
But that’s not the only reason religion caused the civil war, King Charles believed in the divine right. It was when the king/queen believes that god put them on the throne. So Charles took all the power because of this and Parliament didn’t want to go with his decision which contributes to the civil war. Also he made Scottish churches uses English prayer books which caused riots and England went to battle with Scotland. England lost.