Proper bowing method includes lowering your eyes when you bow and keep your palm flat on your thighs. (Greeting Rituals) Like the Westerners, handshake is also a form of greeting in Japan. However, it does not show the same amount of respect that a bow has. That saying, for a foreigner who does not know the proper way of greeting and since no one expects foreigners to generally understand the subtle nuances of bowing, a handshake is good enough for Japanese. (Greeting Rituals) 1.3 Business Meeting Etiquette In Japanese business etiquette, punctuality is important.
The Comparative Study of Politeness Principle in English and Chinese 1. Introduction Politeness is one of the major social constrains on human interaction which regulates participants’ communicative behavior by constantly reminding them to take into consideration the feelings of the others so as to establish mutual comfort and accelerate human communication. (1) That is to say, always being regarded as a symbol of civilization of human being, politeness plays a very important role in sustaining a fine relationship among people and a well-organized society. There are two levels of politeness, one is the verbal courtesy--- that is the outside form to demonstrate your politeness; and the other is the essential courtesy--- the final effect of verbal courtesy. However, the same words or sentences may lead to different effects even a reverse meaning when spoken under different background or different culture.
Sammy Soto Bernaola International Management – INTL 48032.11 Dr. Paul Wilson 22 February 2014 Chiba International Inc. Case Can Japanese management practices work in the United States without adaptation? Why or Why not? What cultural values are relevant? It is well known that it can tedious to implement Japanese management practices in the American culture.It is not recommendable to force cultural differences into two different countries like Japan and United States because; it is likely to affect company’s performance. Management practices are crucial in a company because they determine companies grow.
2.0 Language In doing a business in a foreign country, language must be concerned about because it helped you to communicate with the local people. Speaking the same language may able to assist you to provide a clearer understanding of a situation and also view the meaning that someone was trying to explain to you. For example in term of language, Japan is a collectivism country.According to Low (1913, vol.197, no.688, p.406) collectivism is a thought that
Kim (2008) explains that the Asian cultural values tend to defer to authority figures for decision making and problem resolution. The Asian culture respects their elders and looks for wisdom and guidance. Deference to authority apparently is based on the cultural expectation that persons in authority have special expertise or knowledge in their field rather than on a blind obedience to authority. Kim (2008) continues to explain that Asian Americans are discouraged from appearing bumptious by talking about their accomplishments or expressing their opinions and are encouraged to be humble and modest. They may not want to seem boastful or self-centered because
They believe that responses to the compliments should be humble and denying the compliments is a form of politeness. The response to a compliment depends on the relationship between the speakers and the nature of the compliment. For example, if the compliment comes from somebody in a superior position, then you need to keep your mouth closed and bow deeply. This may be found as a very strange response in Western culture, but saying thank you or even denying the compliment in this kind of situation can be taken as an insult. Also In Japan, complimenting strangers can be taken as invading their personal space.
Comparision between theory X,Y and Z The concept of theory X and theory Y was first proposed by Douglas McGregor in his book Human Side of Enterprise as a alternative sets assumptions about behavior and nature of people at work. McGregor stated that way many managers deal with their subordinates suggests a set of underlying assumptions. He labeled these assumptions, which he believed to be incorrect assumptions as "Theory X'. IN place of these assumptions he proposes an alternate correct set of assumptions which he called 'Theory Y'. Using the terminology of McGregor, William Ouchi suggested another set of assumptions called 'Theory Z' which he believed to be more appropriate for applying Japanese style of management.
But Western negotiators/companies sees contracted paperwork as an official way of doing business/negotiation, this way business can be seen as trustworthy. Sometimes these two differences may cause a conflict between Eastern and Western company negotiation. Another most common differences between Westerners and Easterners are direct communication and indirect communication. Westerners are very direct, like to go straight to the point, not like Easterners tend to circle around the point. These differences usually creates a problem when there is a discussion about issues during the negotiation.
There are many theories that try to define politeness, but the first theory was established by Erving Goffman who says that “ when people interact they constantly worry about maintaining a nebulous yet vital commodity called face” (from the idiom to “save face” ), in other words the face is a positive social value that people expect from you and you would like in return. In order for us to penetrate this notion, it would be interesting to know: How many types of politeness are out there? How is the notion of politeness diverse in different cultures? How do we perceive politeness and what situations can it create? I will analyze all of these aspects and make a cultural case study.
However, in the real life, etiquette differences will result to some cultural conflicts, even lead to negotiations failures. In order to study how etiquettes influence on business negotiations, this paper uses the method of contrast and analysis, compares Chinese and western business negotiation practice in detail, discusses the impact of etiquette differences on international business negotiations, and puts forward some useful suggestions on the process and strategy of negotiation. [Key words] Reception Etiquette; Difference; Business Negotiations; Impact I. Introduction 1.1 The Purpose of the Study The success of business activities begins with agreements reached between corporations. An satisfactory agreement requires effective business negotiations.