At this stage, there was a ‘Union of Crowns’ under James VI of Scotland who also became James I of England and Ireland. This was due to the death of Tudor monarch Elizabeth I who died without any children or siblings to inherit her throne. Therefore the English and Irish thrones passed to her cousin, James VI. Thus there were then 6 Stuart monarchs who held the crowns of England and Scotland as well as Ireland. The son of James I, Charles I, inherited the throne from March 1625.
Later in time his oldest daughter, Mary, married. Mary Tudor married Phillip II of Spain. This marriage expanded Mary’s power. Then Mary changed the religion of England back to Roman Catholicism, but she didn’t get the name “Bloody Mary” for any reason. During her reign, she had 287 Protestants that refused to covert executed.
The cause of the English civil war The title ‘The cause of the English civil war’ means, what happened to make the civil war start. A civil war is when a country fights against itself with different beliefs. In 1625 King James died and Charles I came to the throne. James had strongly believed in the divine right of kings he had thought that monarchs got their power and the right to rule from God and that because of this they must be obeyed, the people of England were not very happy with this because it meant that the king could do whatever he wanted and claim that God had told him to. England for a long time had been told to hate Catholics and when James came from Scotland and became king he decided to marry Henrietta Maria, a Catholic, the people became unhappy because they did not know if their heir would be Protestant or Catholic.
* Henry 8th dismantled any church/monastery that did not have a social function, an idea derived from the Protestant Church. * During the 17th and 18th centuries was maintained the same religion. * In 1605 there had been a plot, engineered by Catholics, to blow King James and his ministers up in the Houses of Parliament where Guy Fawkes had planted barrels of gunpowder in the cellars. * Thus, the prestige of Catholicism went down. They could not go to university, vote or have a public position, and were taxed and penalized in other ways - they were not, for example, allowed to keep a horse worth £10.– this lasted all the 18th century.
Why was there a Civil War Between King Charles I and Parliament The English civil war made a big change to the countries history. It was Charles I VS Parliament. Charles was happy with his rules but parliament weren’t. So his parliament turned against him and started the civil war. Who, what when why that’s what we want to know.
Concurrently the king of Spain, Charles II, was nearing his deathbed with no heir to the Spanish throne. This left the European powers to debate upon how the Spanish empire would be ruled. In 1698 the first partition treaty is established between William III of England and Louis XIV. This partition treaty stated that the young Joseph Ferdinand would have the right to all Spanish possessions except Italy which was to be shared between the Habsburgs and the Bourbons, Milan which would go to the Austrians and the rest of Spanish Italy to the French (Lynn, 1999). By doing this both the French and English were hoping to prevent a reassembling of the great Habsburg domain held in the 16th century by the emperor Charles V. Charles II, drawing closer to his final hours, was outraged by this
These laws, along with many others, upset the colonist to the breaking point in 1776 when they created the Declaration of Independance. The Declaration also states that "the king has obstructed the administration of justice by refusing his assent to laws for establishing judiciary powers". This basically means that the kings has refused to let any colonists establish a court system. Many legislators and
On the 29th October a mutiny among some sailors who refused to obey orders disputed. Prince Max’s government lost control of this political situation and so the sailors spread the mutinies. On the 6th November another change occurred, Soldiers and Workers Councils had been established in major cities. This made it very clear that the October Reforms had failed to impress the German people. This political change had become so revolutionary that on 9th November that the Kaiser removed from the throne and a
Radical financial reforms by Turgot and Malesherbes angered the nobles and were blocked by the parlements who insisted that the King did not have the legal right to levy new taxes. So, in 1776, Turgot was dismissed and Malesherbes resigned, to be replaced by Jacques Necker. Necker supported the American Revolution, and he carried out a policy of taking out large international loans instead of raising taxes. When this policy failed miserably, Louis dismissed him, and then replaced him in 1783 with Charles Alexandre de Calonne, who increased public spending to "buy" the country's way out of debt. Again this failed, so Louis convoked the Assembly of Notables in 1787 to discuss a revolutionary new fiscal reform proposed by Calonne.
43 years later, England had to recognize the independence of Scotland. This episode, however, did not mark the end of the conflicts, both internal and external1. Scotland, Wales and England, have insisted for many centuries in the struggle to preserve their independence despite invasions and alliances during the time. England was prepared to conquer Scotland, but they failed for lack of funds. Only in 1603 a project of unity between England and Scotland was considered.