There is no denying that the power that Austrian Empire held from 1820 and 1848 was influential and was one of the reasons the Italian revolutionaries failed. This is why some argue that the main reason of the failed attempt to unite Italy was the brute force of the Austrian military and navy. However, many argue that this was merely one factor of many. Some argue that the reason that Italy’s revolutionaries failed was due to the geographical fragmentation of Italy and the fact that this consequently leads to parochialism within these individual sectors. However, the argument that carries the greatest weight is that the individuals who led these revolts and were at the forefront of the revolutionary movements were not united themselves in how they wanted Italy to unite.
Agriculture tended to be inefficient and backward, particularly in the South where the ‘latifondi’ dominated. The industrial development that did occur did so exclusively in the North and this reinforced an existing economic divide between North and South, as the North was developing economically and the south remained backward and deprived of industry. Poor economic conditions resulted in large-scale emigration particularly to North America. Therefore, the basis of the division within Italy was economic failure, and as the economics of a country is fundamental to its success, the north-south divide in relation to economics was a significant attribute to the weaknesses of the
How Far Does the North South Divide in Italy Explain the Weakness of the Liberal State in 1896-1914 (30 marks) Italy was fully unified in 1870 this was just 40 years before the first world war. The Liberal State governing it was weak for a number of reason such as several opposition groups, the North South and problems from the unification. However the most important reason was the political system itself and the actions of the liberals including the foreign policy and corruption. At the time Italy used a proportional representation (PR) voting system. This meant that every vote counted and the parliament was proportional to them.
Long running weaknesses within the original political system aided in developing support for Mussolini, along with his ability to change the party’s policies to accommodate all members of society. Although the war was important in allowing this rise in support for the PNF, it was not the only factor which played a part. After the land promised to Italy in the Treaty of London did not materialise, many Italians felt that their victory was one which had been ‘mutilated’. Orlando, Italy’s Prime Minister had failed to fight for the promised land during the signing of the Treaty of Versailles at the Paris Peace Conference, leaving Italy bitter towards its own government. Prominent socialist at the time D’Annunzio led some 2000 soldiers into the city of Fiume in defiance of the Italian Government.
This left their economy in debt and they fell into a depression. The Nazi party was the one of the strongest and finally became stronger when Adolf Hitler became their leader. He strengthened the military, and he eventually got rid of the constitution. 5. How did authoritarian governments emerge in the different countries of Spain, Germany, and Italy?
But throughout the 1930s towards WW2, the League of Nations is shown to be very weak; hence it couldn’t prevent the Abyssinia Crisis. In 1934 Mussolini attempted a coup with Austrian Nazis to overthrow President Dollfuss, however the plan failed and Dollfuss was murdered. At this point France and Italy formed an alliance which would guarantee Austria’s sovereignty. Two months later Mussolini learned of Germany’s rearmament program and began to grow suspicion of Hitler. During April 1915, the “Stresa Front” took place, which consisted of Britain, France and Italy; in which all three nations Criticised Hitler’s gamble in Austria and was reminded that his aggressive actions had breached the spirit of the Locarno Conference.
-but the neutrality act covered only implements of war. Roosevelt accordingly called for a voluntary restriction, a "moral embargo". -that embargo aroused the protest of the Italian government and met with general defiance by American oil companies. The American policy preceded by many weeks economic sanctions by the league which did not include oil. -when Congress convened in 1936 one of its first task was to replace the neutrality resolution of 1935, but in the end it extended the existing act until May 1, 1937, with amendments banning credits to belligerents and leaving it up to the president to decide that a state of war existed before the act could be
These were Hitler’s, and to a lesser extent Rommel’s, poor grasp of strategical and logistical warfare in the North African area as well as the superiority of Allied naval and air power with the welcome introduction of American forces after 1941. After an unsuccessful Italian campaign in Egypt, Mussolini requested help from their German ally, and the Italian Commando Supremo sent motorized and armoured forces to protect their colonies in North Africa. The Germans hastily put together a motorized force, whose lead elements arrived in Tripoli in February 1941. Thus the rush to support the ailing Italian forces also played a part in the defeat of the Axis powers in North Africa as Germany certainly viewed North Africa as a peripheral area. The force, termed the Afrika Korps by Hitler, was placed under the command of Erwin Rommel.
But Julius had no intention in doing so because it would leave him defenseless. He led soldiers across the Rubicon, a stream that separated his provinces from Italy. After that Caesar had no turning back he had been provoked into a civil war. The conservatives and Pompey fled to the Balkans to get away from Caesar. Within 60 days, Julius was master of Italy.
In 1176, Henry had a dispute with Frederick. In return for aiding Frederick against the Lombard cities, he asked for the city of Goslar with all its mines. Frederick refused, and their partnership ended there. In 1778, Henry was charged by the Saxon nobles with breaching the king’s peace and in turn lost his duchies. The Saxon duchy was then split into two parts.