Electrons can now continue to move through PSII and the cytochrome b6 f complex, and oxygen is produced in the water-splitting reaction. 34. Bioenergetics of Photophosphorylation The steady-state concentrations of ATP, ADP, and Pi in isolated spinach chloroplasts under full illumination at pH 7.0 are 120.0, 6.0, and 700.0 mM, respectively. (a) What is the free-energy requirement for the synthesis of 1 mol of ATP under these conditions? (b) The energy for ATP synthesis is furnished by light-induced electron transfer in the chloroplasts.
The salts will be dissolved in distilled water by small quantities until the reaction reaches When ionic compounds dissolve in water, they either absorb energy from or release energy to the surroundings. If a chemical reaction absorbs heat from the surroundings, it is an endothermic reaction. If a solution releases heat to its surroundings, it is an exothermic reaction. The enthalpy of dissolution is the enthalpy change associated with the dissolution of a substance in a solvent at a constant pressure. The change in enthalpy relies on the concentration of the salt solution, because different concentrations will produce different enthalpies.
State the optimum pH for sucrase activity and describe how sucrase activity changes at more acidic and more alkaline pH values. See Table 2: Effect of Temperature on Sucrase Activity See Graph, Effect of Temperature on Sucrase Activity 2. Was the rate of increase of sucrase activity higher at a pH of 8.5 or a pH of 5.5? 3. State the optimum temperature for sucrase activity and describe how sucrase activity changes at lower and higher temperatures.
Background: A reaction rate is the decrease in concentration of a reactant or the increase in concentration of a product with time. Thus, the units for the reaction rate are usually Molarity per second (M/s) – that is , the change in concentration (measured in molarity) divided by a time interval (seconds in this case) (Chemistry: The Central Science, P. 527). Rate is usually calculated by taking an average of the disappearance or appearance of a compound with respect to time. In this case it is calculated by the absorbance of the light. Reaction rate is affected by any catalysts present (which speed up the reaction usually with an intermediate step), temperature (increases the number of particles collisions), concentration (increases the number of collisions), and surface area (increases the space available for collisions).
How can you account for this observation? -There are catalase enzymes in your body and they break down the hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. The foam is the oxygen bubbles that form in the water. 7. Why is it important for organisms to regulate internal temperatures or metabolic processes at different temperatures?
Metabolism III: Oxidative Cellular Respiration Introduction Oxidative cellular respiration is composed of series metabolic processes that convert broken down food molecules into usable energy in the form of adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP). The process follows oxidation (catabolic) and reduction (anabolic) pathways. Processes involved are glycolysis, Krebs or tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and the electron transport chain. One step in the TCA cycle is the enzyme-catalyzed conversion of succinate to fumarate in a redox reaction. In intact cells succinate loses hydrogen ions and electrons to FAD to form fumarate.
LABORATORY REPORT (Click on the Save a Copy button on the panel above to save your report) Predictions 1. Sucrase will have the greatest activity at pH 5 2. Sucrase will have the greatest activity at 50 °C (122 °F) 3. Sucrase activity increases with increasing sucrose concentration until a plateau is reached. Materials and Methods Effect of pH on Enzyme Activity.
-We measured in each chemical and added water besides, HCl we added NaOH. Next, we measured the water temperature to begin with then added the substance to it to determine the finally temperature. We minus the initial and finally to decide if the reaction is exothermic and endothermic. 5. Describe the anticipated temperature change of a system in which an exothermic process is taking place.
The reaction of water and carbon dioxide is catalyzed by You correctly answered: a. carbonic anhydrase. page 1 Experiment Results Predict Question: Predict Question: What do you think will happen to the pH and PCO2 levels with hyperventilation? Your answer : c. pH will increase and PCO2 will decrease. Stop & Think Questions: Were the pH and PCO2 in the normal range? You correctly answered: c. Both pH and PCO2 were in the normal range.
When the fuels combust, oxygen and fuels react, and heat released. The water then absorbed the heat from the combustion. In this experiment the calorimeter of energy is used to measure the temperature of the heat that is released from the cashew. The equation to find the energy produce during