In this task I will outline the functions of the main cell components. Which consists of the Cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough), golgi apparatus and lysosome. Cells are the structural and functional units of all living organisms. Cells can take in nutrients, change these nutrients into energy and can carry out particular functions, and reproduce them if needed. Mitochondria Mitochondria Nucleus Nucleus Lysosome Lysosome Golgi apparatus Golgi apparatus Cell membrane Cell membrane Endoplasmic reticulum (Smooth and rough) Endoplasmic reticulum (Smooth and rough) Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Cell Membrane A cell membrane of the cell.
Unit 7 P1 P1 TASK ONE Anatomy and physiology of a cell Name of parts of a cell | Anatomy(structures) | Physiology (function) | Nucleus | The nuclear envelope is a double membrane. Is has 4 phospholipid layers. It is also has large pores through which materials pass back and forth. | The nucleus regulates all cell activity. It does this by controlling the enzymes present.
Cells are the building blocks of life. Tissue: Made from similar cells. Each organ has specific types of cells that make that particular organ and its parts. Organ: Similar types of tissue (example brain tissue, muscle tissue, bone tissue, heart tissue) makeup an organ. Organ System: Organs that work together to help an organism execute a specific function (breathing, thinking, eating, reading, writing, playing, learning, sleeping, moving, etc.)
All cells run on a set of instructions spelled out in DNA DNA ! Cells ! Bodies ! How does DNA code for cells & bodies? " how are cells and bodies made from the instructions in DNA Regents Biology!
Many chemical reactions are carried out in the cytoplasm. Glycogen and melanin are found in the cytoplasm. Organelles: Organelles are different components of a cell and have a distinct structure and their own functions. They can be likened to miniature organs. Organelles include mitochondria, Iysosomes, the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum.
The nucleus regulates all cell activity and is bounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope, this membrane separates the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm. The Nucleus have two major functions. It stores the cell’s hereditary material, or DNA and it co-ordinates the cell’s activites, which include metabolism, growth, protein synthesis, and reproduction (cell division). ‘Mitochondria are the cell’s power producers’ Bailey, About.com. They convert energy into forms that are usable by the cell.
The Importance of Shapes Fitting Together in Cells and Organisms Lots of molecules in cells and organisms fit together with other molecules that have complimentary shapes in order to work and serve their purpose. An example of a type of molecule that does this is enzymes. Enzymes are proteins that speed up metabolic reactions, from the digestion of food to the synthesis of DNA, and so are very important. One of two models that demonstrate how enzymes work is the ‘lock and key’ model, in which the active site of an enzyme has a complimentary shape to a specific substrate and they fit together perfectly (like a key in a lock, hence the name) to form an enzyme-substrate complex. The other model is the ‘induced fit’ model, which describes the formation of an enzyme-substrate complex as a result of the enzyme’s active site adapting its shape to fit with the substrate (almost like a glove) to allow for
| | Cell Membrane | The Cell Membrane holds everything inside the cell together and protects it from things that could harm it. | | Nucleus | The Nucleus is the brain of the cell. | | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm is the fluid inside of a cell. | | Organelles | Organelles are the things inside of a cell. |
There are many molecules within cells and organisms that must have complimentary shapes that fit together in order for them to carry out their function. One type of molecule for which this is extremely important is enzymes. There are two models that demonstrate how this may work, the first of which is the lock and key model in which the substrate and enzyme binding site have complimentary shapes so that the substrate or subtrates fit perfectly into the enzyme, which joins or separates them. The second model, the induced fit model, is similar, however the enzyme moulds its shape to match the substrate. There are many processes in which it is important that these shapes fit, for example DNA helicase, RNA polymerase and DNA polymerase must all have the correct shape in order for DNA strands to separate, mRNA to form and DNA to then rejoin during polypeptide synthesis.
Active transport requires energy in the form of ATP and protein carriers to move the molecules across the membrane. The ATP formed as part of respiration is used in a wide variety of contexts for biology. For example, in order for an animal to move and hunt for food within its environment, it has to contract muscle tissue. The tissue is composed of cells containing actin and myosin filaments which move relative to eachother to contract a sarcomere. For this to happen, actomyosin cross-bridges form between the actin and myosin.