There are numerous subtypes of primary insomnia including; psychophysiological insomnia which is a form of anxiety-induced insomnia caused by a worry about getting a lack of sleep, idiopathic insomnia which is a lifelong sleeplessness and sleep state misinterpretation where people sleep adequately but feel they do not. The diathesis-stress model is a psychological theory explaining behaviour as a result of genetic vulnerability together with stress from life experiences. It assumes that the onset of a disorder such as insomnia results from a combination of one’s biological disposition towards the given disorder and stressful events that bring about the onset of a disorder. Other supporting evidence include Smith et al’s
Sleepwalking, formally known as somnambulism, is a behavior disorder that originates during deep sleep and results in walking or performing other complex behaviors while asleep. It is much more common in children than adults and is more likely to occur if a person is sleep deprived. Because a sleepwalker typically remains in deep sleep throughout the episode, he or she may be difficult to awaken and will probably not remember the sleepwalking incident. Sleepwalking usually involves more than just walking during sleep; it is a series of complex behaviors that are carried out while sleeping, the most obvious of which is walking. Symptoms of sleepwalking disorder range from simply sitting up in bed and looking around, to walking around the room or house, to leaving the house and even driving long distances.
Anxiety is made up of two components; Trait anxiety and State anxiety. Each with its own distinguished aspects (Speilberger, 1989; Beiling, Antony, and Swinson, 1998). State anxiety is defined as the apprehension or tension one is experiencing in the present moment as opposed to it being a more permanent personality trait (Gadberry, 2011). Complaints about sleep quality are common in society with Buysse, Reynolds, Monk, Berman and Kupfer (1988) estimating the figure to be between 15-35% of adults. The main problems reported being frequent sleep quality disturbances; difficulty falling asleep and difficulty falling asleep.
Outline and Evaluate one explanations of sleep disorders Narcolepsy is caused by disruption of sleep wake cycle, where sufferers fall asleep randomly, often whilst engaging in some kind of activity. It is a long-term neurological condition that disrupts normal sleeping patterns which affects 1 in 2000 individuals. The two main symptoms are excessive daytime sleepiness and episodes of cataplexy which is loss of muscular control which often happens when laughing. Other symptoms include sleep paralysis and hallucinations, both experienced when falling asleep and waking up, and disturbed night-time sleep. Narcolepsy usually begins in adolescence and the type of severity of symptoms vary from person to person and may either worsen or improve with time.
Certain movements or bumps can cause sudden onset of tremendous pain and cramping that can last several minutes. This condition, for which an exact cause is unknown, can last from five months to three years or more and is thought in some cases to be caused by injury or trauma to the area. It is believed that it may have an autoimmune component, with the body attacking healthy tissue in the capsule. There is also a lack of fluid in the joint, further restricting movement. In addition to difficulty with everyday tasks, people who suffer from adhesive capsulitis usually experience problems sleeping for extended periods due to pain that is worse at night and restricted movement/positions.
There is no cure for Bi polar disorder. It can however, be treated and maintained. Certain medications help reduce mood swings that can trigger a manic episode. Mood stabilizers, atypical antipsychotics, and antidepressants are generally the medications subscribed to people that suffer with this disorder (NIOH Treatments Page 11). Keeping a daily journal and writing down your mood patterns and sleep patterns can be helpful as well.
It tends to occur later in the day, difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep, chronic fatigue, irritability, disturbed concentration, mild sensitivity to light or noise, and general muscle aching. (Glass, 2009) The exact causes of tension headaches are unknown. In some people, tension headaches are caused by tightening muscles in the back of the neck and scalp. The muscle tension can be caused by not enough sleep, poor posture, emotional or mental stress, anxiety, fatigue, hunger, or overexertion. In some cases tension headaches can be triggered by some type of environmental or internal stress.
What people do not know about this, is how sleep loss can affect their daily activities. The following research will show the audience the stages of sleep, the importance of getting proper amount of sleep ours, how sleep play an important role in learning and memory, how sleep is connected to our endocrine system affecting our mood, how getting or not getting proper sleep impact our cardiovascular health, the great benefits of having proper sleep but also the consequences that our body can suffer if we do not take the amount necessary of sleep and how this consequences may affect our lives. Many people consider sleep as a time of tranquility when they set aside the tensions of the day and spend the night in uneventful slumber, but they do not know what is really happening
Sleep apnea is a sleep disorder in which an individual experiences pauses of breath, or shallow breathing throughout the night. For adults, it can be caused by excess weight, which results in softer tissue of the mouth and throat. During sleep, this soft tissue, as it relaxes, can block the airway. However, many other problems or conditions can be the cause. Whereas, in children, sleep apnea can usually be caused by enlarged tonsils, an overbite or underbite, a tumor or a growth in the airway, and even birth defects such as down
Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by the general inability to fall asleep, and stay asleep. The victims of Insomnia usually are usually stressed out in their daily lives, but not always (Wikipedia). “Insomnia can be grouped into primary and secondary, or comorbid, insomnia. Primary insomnia is a sleep disorder not attributable to a medical, psychiatric, or environmental cause. It is described as a complaint of prolonged sleep onset latency, disturbance of sleep maintenance, or the experience of non-refreshing sleep.