Nonetheless, Manela felt that this was not the case because he said there was another significant incident that deserves to be looked at too. It was about the colonized countries that wanted to challenge the status quo. Similarly, he argued that historians before him looked at the anti-colonial struggles individually but he would now look at them as a whole because he said that it was all international anti-colonialism. In addition, he stated that historian before him did not centralized President Woodrow Wilson as a catalyst for anti-colonial nationalists across the world but he felt that Wilson was very vital in helping colonized people create the idea of self-determination. After WWI ended and world major empires like the Austo-Hungarian and the Ottoman empires collapsed, the U.S. emerged from WWI as more powerful, economically, militarily and politically.
Gaddis claims that not explaining clearly the distinction between rational and accidental causes is the more serious problem with Carr. Gaddis says in his book that there are three alternative views on causation. The first connecting cause is between the immediate, intermediate and the distant. The second connecting cause is between the exceptional and the general. While the third connecting cause is between the factual and the counterfactual, which Gaddis explains all three.
PRIOR KNOWLEDGE: The Articles of Confederation were a major failure as a constitution. AUDIENCE: The intended audience of Federalist No.16 was those in New York. REASON: The reason for this document was to address the failures of the Articles of confederation and its inability to govern the country. THE MAIN IDEA: The Articles of Confederation would only bring destruction to the new country. SIGNIFICANCE: Brought up a point that a strong central government was needed for the country to survive .
International law, international systems as well as principles currently exist to aim to resolve disputes, however the compliance predominantly relies on the discretion of state sovereignty and jus cogens, which both act as barriers in achieving world order. Difficulties faced in attempting to achieve world order in relation to the United Nations involves its inflexible structure, poor leadership and the use of ‘veto powers’ granted to the Permanent Five members of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC). Post World War II, representatives conducted a meeting and agreed upon a conclusion that the world would never experience such widespread atrocities and damage. Following this meeting, the leaders emerged with the structure of a new international organisation called the United Nations (UN). The UN comprises six major organs, one of which includes the UNSC, containing 15 member states with only five permanent members.
Overall, I do not think that Washington and Monroe’s doctrine is usable today. The possibility or remaining isolationists was lost when America became a superpower. When that happened, other nations began to look up to America for assistance. Plus, the US want to be involved to help so that if they need help, other nations would be willing to help in return. The Monroe Doctrine states that the continents of North and South America should be able to develop without interference from the Europe.
xviii. No countries in the Western Hemisphere and only a few worldwide who pose a strategic threat to the US xix. Its economic, geographic and military strength ensure that such a policy would not only be viable but could indeed thrive xx. Neutrality would be truer to America’s roots and traditions that our current imperialist policies and would also reduce our threat level, enemies and military expenses. xxi.
2091) Though, there could be some delegation within that matter to argue that the President does not have the full powers of war because they are not “implicitly delegated” by the Congress to the President. In response to this: this is where the AUMF gives the President the right to use the powers of war implied to him by Congress, through which he is allowed to do within the law of war. Behind this allegation of the Presidentʼs war powers based on Congress, the Judiciary and Political branches support this theory that in need of protecting the country from foreign lands, the President has the right to act with military force without consulting Congress at force, as long as it is within the laws of war. Bradley and Goldsmith go on to say “...in the absence of express congressional restriction, the only limitations on presidential power during wartime were the laws of war.” (Bradley & Goldsmith, pg. 2092) In the court case of Brown v. United States, Brown argued that the laws of war were broken when the President tried to take over some land that was under the ownership of the enemy forces after the War of 1812.
The institutionalization of political parties avoids despotism. In my opinion, and based off of Tocqueville’s book Democracy in America, successful democratic nations maintain their democracy through the balancing of powers in the government and institutions. It is important to maintain separate powers and avoid a single power source, otherwise nations transform from democratic to despotic. If these avoidance measures are taken, along with the acknowledgement of the downfall of excessive equality, it is possible for a democratic nation to be
“In short we are neither “warmongers” nor “appeasers,”neither “hard” nor “soft.” We are Americans, determined to defend the frontiers of freedom, by honorable peace if peace is possible, but by arms if arms are against us.” This quote was used by John F. Kennedy in the University of Washington Speech to describe his method on how to deal with the Cold War. Different actions were taken by each and every president in the Cold War. While Truman, Eisenhower, and Kennedy all had the same intention of ending communism, their ways of achieving their goals were different. For example, Truman’s usage of containment was using economic aid and military aid to keep Greece and Turkey from turning to communism. Containment is the way we deal with other countries.
The goal was to contain countries with a communist government, and prevent the spread of communism to other countries. In light of the Cold War, the American foreign policy had included the Truman doctrine. With fear of the spread of communism, the Truman doctrine stated that the U.S. would help and support countries threatened by communism by political, military, and economic assistance. President Truman stated that the United States must support the “free peoples”, if not the United States “may endanger the peace of the world.. and surely endanger the welfare of our own.” (Document One) The establishment of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, known as NATO, also came way as a creation of a network of political and military alliances. Lastly the Marshall Plan, the United States had given billions of dollars to help aid and reconstruct Western Europe after World War II and repel communism.