Different areas of a young carers life have been considered including their family (and parenting capacity), health, education and safeguarding concerns. Attachments between the parent and child can suffer when there is mental illness and separation away from their parents, due to hospital admissions, is a worrying time, however as separation is natural in child development this can create resilience in the child. I chose this subject as I have experience from my practice and I can link the theory and research to my direct work. I found that adults with mental illness are one of the most excluded groups in society and there are close links between poverty, mental ill health, discrimination and social exclusion. Parental mental illness can have a negative effect on the parent / child relationship and child development, especially where there is little external support.
One of the major factors of chronic stress is poverty. This “toxic” stress causes various negative outcomes in childbirth, such as the delivery of premature, low-weight babies, as part 2 of this film discusses. Studies have shown that as the socio-economic status of the mother decreases, so does the health of her child at birth. Some experts suggest that it is this stress in the mother that causes African American infants to be more likely to suffer from developmental problems, such as cognitive, physical, and behavioral deficits (Jackson et al., 2010). Chronic stress, such as poverty, is a physiologic reaction to both physical and psychological stressors.
This supports Bowlby's theory of sensitive period. There was another study conducted by Stout, Stout conducted a study of Romanian orphans who had experienced severe conditions and found that they later suffered permanent psychological damage, including no ability to interact with people and increased aggression. Psychologists successfully showed the impacts of institutionalisation; a strength of Hodges and Tizards study was that it was longitudinal so the researchers were able to see how the institution affected the children over many years. However a weakness of this longitudinal method involves attrition, where many of the children may have left the study because they were well adjusted, therefore resulting in a biased remaining sample - children with pleasant behaviour are more likely to be adopted. Some research suggests that individuals who do not form a primary attachment within the early sensitive period are unable to recover, however, in the study of romanian orphans, one third recovered well therefore privation alone cannot explain negative outcomes.
Respiratory infections and other acute medical conditions are common. Chronic conditions such as asthma are most prevalent among poor and minority children. Children's understanding of health and illness is related to their cognitive level. Cultural beliefs affect expectations regarding health care. Vision becomes keener during middle childhood, but some children have defective vision or hearing.
(Lachs & Boyer, 2002) It is sometimes hard to determine if a fracture or bruise comes from an unpreventable incident in a confused elder or if it came from abuse or negligence. According to Levine, “Elderly people with disabilities of all types are at increased risk for abuse from family members and paid caregivers.” (Levine, 2003) Nurses should be alert to possible elder abuse and neglect, early detection and prevention is the key to better outcomes for the elderly. Within the nursing home setting; suspected or actual abuse must be reported to the local state and federal agencies and an internal investigation must begin (Bachman, Reilly, & Kicklighter, 2010).
Single Parents with Young Children Beckford, Martin “The Telegraph” Oct 10, 2008. In reviewing research from Martin Beckford, Social Affairs Correspondent with The Telegraph, I learned quite a lot of interesting information pertaining to the emotional problems children raised by single parents face. Research says that children from broken homes are five times more likely to develop emotional problems than those living with both parents. This could be true, due to the fact that parentless children, seem to act out more, when one or both parents are missing. The Office of National Statistics, interviewed parents, teachers, and children themselves, and found that many suffer from emotional problems such as depression, anxiety and aggression.
Back to Berkeley: High School Students Struggle With Stress, Depression By ELIZABETH HOPPERSpecial to the Planet Friday August 26, 2005 Bookmark and Share Most adults know that being a high school student isn’t easy. However, many would be surprised to learn that the vast majority of teenagers are becoming depressed and losing sleep over problems that are much less superficial than fashion or the high scho ol social scene. Bay Area psychologist Dr. Anita Barrows, who has 25 years of experience counseling children and adolescents, estimates that 60 to 70 percent of teenagers are affected negatively by stress. According to psychologists, stress can have a variety of effects on teenagers. Although the most common effects of stress are insomnia, stomachaches, headaches, anxiety, and irritability, stress can also be a major factor in depression and eating disorders.
Abusive parents who use hitting, neglecting basic needs, and other action that lower an individual’s sense of self-worth, have a negative impact on the health of a child. Nurture also affects the growth of humans, because studies show that babies who receive affection from their parents will develop from children to adults who are happy and competent. It is proven that children who lack early emotional attachments or grow up fearful and expecting to be hurt will have a difficult time relating to peers. Nurturing their children the most important thing that parents can do. A parent’s
Depression and the Effects on Human Development and Socialization University of Phoenix PSY/450 Aug 22, 2011 Depression and the Effects on Human Development and Socialization Depression is a common disorder that many people of all genders, ages, and backgrounds deal with. In fact, depression affects about 121 million people worldwide (World Health Organization, 2011). Depression according to the World Health Organization is defined as “Depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure, feelings of guilt or low self-worth, disturbed sleep or appetite, low energy, and poor concentration” (para 1). Depression can occur in children of any age and can affect his or her life by making it difficult to develop and socialize properly with others. The following paper will discuss depression and the effects that it has on human development and socialization and also how human development and socialization can create depression.
Measurements were recorded at 41, 53 and 97 months. These included; teachers rating child psychological adjustment using the Social Behavioural questionnaire (e.g. antisocial behaviour, inattention, emotion distress and academic standing), children were asked to complete self reports on a scale of 1-3 And parents were asked to record the frequency that their child watched shows illustrating violent behaviour on a scale of 1-3. The study found that one third of the children who participated did not view violent media and findings were the same as previous reports in that boys were subjected to violence more than girls, as did children with less educated mothers and those that