If a person could not pay the fine, they would be an outcast with in the social tribe and isolated, they would be prevented from participating in religious rites and lose their civil rights too. Celts were a civilisation based on honour and acceptance, those committing crime had to redeem themselves back into the kinship of their tribe. The fear of losing their religious rites and their standing within the social tribe was enough to deter most Celts, to be isolated and seen as relegated to a lower member of the tribe would almost certainly deter reoffending. The Celts would impose sanctions upon law breakers as a community punishment, today this could compare to our system of community payback, whereby a person who has committed a crime would be ordered to do a certain amount of unpaid work as a way of repaying his community for his wrong doing. Until the payback had been fulfilled the person remains unpunished and not part of the rest of the law abiding society.
This may have occurred due to the variation of fund utilisation across Australia, which is caused by the lack of systematic review and analysis of appropriateness of care (Richardson, 1998). The groups of non-English speaking backgrounds, Torres Strait Islanders and Aborigines encounter cultural insensitivity in the healthcare system as well as difficulty communicating (Duckett, 1984). This results in dissatisfaction with the system among these groups (Reid et al, 1995). The lack of cooperative actions between Commonwealth and state in the intervention of chronic diseases development has lead to the failure of developing appropriate financial incentive. Workforce reform should also be considered to promote technical efficacy as it is clearly demonstrate in rural Australia that shortages of general practitioners has lead experiences nurses to up-skill to provide larger range of primary care services to reduce the burden of general practitioners.
The population of the natives was lowered to an amount they left them without enough people to sustains their lifestyles, they didn’t have enough people to hunt, gather, and farm, and they didn’t have the elders to keep their traditions and values alive. With the fast spread of disease the natives had almost no choice but to join other tribes for protection and to sustain their way of life to even a small extent. The article also spoke about how the natives had become too reliant on the settlers for trade and had slowly become too twisted into the trade. “Liquor, for example,
In reporting hostilities between the Indigenous and white settlers, referring to the natives as “pitiless barbarians” clearly shows reporter’s bias towards the settlers. Furthermore, by noting that “[the white settlers] requesting to know [the Aboriginals] motive for the barbarous assault, was answered by a flight of spears,” it depicts the settlers as non violent and civilized in juxtaposition towards the violent savage Aboriginals. Social problems like these are treated in such a way that they leave viewers with the impression that they are caused by something innate within Aboriginal people, rather than by colonial impositions. This systematic misrepresentation indeed influenced the dominant culture in Australia to view Indigenous peoples in a negative light, and was a major cause of the racism and discrimination experienced daily by Aboriginal people across the
Wills past pushes his desire to own his own land as he does not want to go back to living as he did in London. The misunderstanding between two races also leads to conflict. Will, Smasher Sullivan and Sagity all struggle to understand the aboriginals way of life and as a result treat them with little respect. Smasher goes as far as keeping a young aboriginal women hostage as a sex slave. Will becomes fearful of the aboriginals and as a result
(Sultz & Young pg. 228). All of these factors have contributed to the increased costs of the health care system put on the public and has also influenced some of the barriers that have led to the access of healthcare I spoke about above. The AMA (American Medical Association) also attributes the high cost of health care from the rising toll of preventable illness & inefficiencies in the health care system. They have identified four strategies to contain health care cost, they consist of reduce the burden of preventable disease, make health care delivery more efficient, reduce nonclinical health system costs that do not contribute to patient care and promote value-based decision making at all levels.(http://www.ama-assn.org).
Jack Davis’ didactic play explores the nature of white society and the mistreatment of indigenous Australians as they struggle to survive in sub-human conditions amidst the great depression. Davis uses a variety of dramatic literary techniques to depict how hostile white culture controls society using apartheid-style policies. The lack of recognition and understanding led to unfair actions, as the indigenous battled to survive the depression. The ironic and contemptuous justification of power for misguided political agenda, unfortunately led to mass dispossession of the indigenous. Contrastingly, not all white Australians can be generalised by the behaviours of the few, with a couple of dissimilar figures being used to demonstrate alternate approaches as to the acceptance of the indigenous.
Throughout this poem, the use of creative poetic techniques help the author to describe how the greed of the “…white man” has destroyed their native land and how the connection that the Indigenous Australians once had with their nature and surroundings, is now lost. This makes the reader feel irate and annoyed towards the ‘white’ race that destroyed everything they had. Like many indigenous writers, there’s always a deeper meaning behind their words. Such is an example with the amazing metaphor, "the white system of life, it cuts like a knife". This infers that for the aborigines, having another culture coming in and trying to get rid of their way of life “cuts like a knife”, meaning it starts hurting more and more the deeper it goes, and the wound will heal but the scars (memories) will always remain.
James knew that the native people had a disadvantage to white people since they weren't able to get a proper education, which, in turn, affected their land. He cared about what happened to the valley and all of South Africa. In addition, when James' grandson finds out that the entire population of natives in
Neither spoke the others’ language and chaos ensued and wreaked havoc on the First Nations People, who are still dealing with those repercussions today. The Europeans wanted the natives to become “more white and less Indian.” Conquerors of any land try to stamp out the local languages to reduce the cultural longing for the previous structures and customs of the past. Cultural and linguistic diversity is a feature of most nations today, as people from different groups live together as a consequence of migration and historical events. Within multilingual societies, the preservation of the languages of