The total value of the levered firm exceeds the value of the firm without leverage due to the present value of the tax savings from debt: V^L = V^U + PV(interest tax shield) 4. when a firm’s marginal tax rate is constant, and there are no personal taxes, the present value of the interest tax shield from permanent debt equals the tax rate times the value of the debt, τcD. 5. The firm’s pretax WACC measures the required return to the firm’s investors. Its effective after-tax WACC, or simply the WACC, measure the cost to the firm after including the benefit of the interest tax shield. Page 484 has formulas!!
awrtuaworu artoawruor ouwropwauirawr powuerpo;;awrtja;wej;l.. Accounting Principles Business entity principle: Every business is accounted for separately from its owners personal activities. Going concern principle: The rule that requires financial statements to reflect the assumption that the business will continue operating instead of being closed or sold, unless the evidence shows that it will not continue. Objectivity principle: The accounting guideline that requires financial statement information to be supported by independent , unbiased evidence
Expenditures of $92,000 for successful litigation in defense of the patent were paid on July 1, 2011. Sisco estimates that the useful life of the patent will be increase by 10 years from the date of litigation becasue of successfully defending it Instructions: Prepare a computation of the carrying value of the patent at December 31,
• Income Taxes – being a sole proprietor gives the individual the option to file taxes under a separate employer identification number. The other option is to file their return normally and just fill out an IRS Schedule C to show profit or loss for the business (Smith, 2011). • Longevity/Continuity – One of the main issues of longevity in regards to sole proprietorship is that it dissolves when the owner dies so it makes it not possible to have continuity (Joseph, 2011). • Control – one of the great advantages of sole proprietorship that a person doesn’t have with a partnership or corporation is that you don’t have to answer to anyone but yourself in our decisions. You have
In a money market account you invest your money in low risk investments with predictable interest rates. What is a liquidation policy? (0.5 points) A liquidation policy tells you when and how you’re able to remove money from the account. What is simple interest? (0.5 points) Simple interest is gained only on the principal amount of an account.
Moreover, no gain or loss is recognized to a corporation upon the receipt of money or other property in exchange for the stock of such corporation. The purpose of this is to encourage investors to contribute to corporations. Question 14:20 - What tax years are available to corporations? How do the options differ from other forms of business organizations? Corporations can choose either calendar year or fiscal year.
http://www.irs.gov/businesses/small/article/0,,id=146330,00.html.” Dividends, interest, annuities, and royalties not accumulated through the ordinary course of trade or business is Portfolio income, not passive income. The sales of stock and bonds are also portfolio income. 7-13) Martially participation is
Smith, Harmelink & Hasselback. Federal Taxation: Comprehensive Topics. CCH, 2013. Pg 14-18-19 states that the corporation should issue long-term debt because debt has certain advantages over equity. Interest payments on the debt are deductible by the corporation while dividends are not deductible.
· Liability-A C Corporation has limited liability in that it is seen as a separate entity from the owners, which in turn protects their personal assets from being taken to pay for the company’s debt or liability losses. As with the other business entities, insurance can be purchased to shield the assets from being taken due to a liability loss. · Income taxes-Corporations are taxed twice. They are first taxed on the profits made by the corporation itself then the profits to the shareholders, also known as dividends, are taxed. · Longevity-The dissolution of a C-Corporation can occur because of a shareholder becoming disabled or dying, the failing profits of the company or because they can not agree on the direction or handling of the company.
Although paper monies, such as certificates, stocks, currency, or bonds, are normally kept in financial institutions because of safety or convenience, the popularity to maintain possession of valuables is on the rise. The lack of hassle and ease of liquidity are two reasons for the rise. Standard of Deferred Payment - Money can be used to purchase goods and services, and pay at a later date or with a series of payments. For example, some furniture or electronic stores offer “buy now, pay later” specials as an incentive for purchasing. Federal Reserve and Monetary Policy The Federal Reserve is considered independent because, although it is accountable to Congress, its decisions do not have to be ratified by Congress or the President.