The purpose of this paper is to discuss the penitentiary ideal and the two models of American prisons. The Unites states prison system have been used as a tool to punish offenders who have interrupt and broke the law. There are state’s prisons house offenders who are convicted of felony offenses. Prisons have been built in the seventeen hundreds in the United States as a form of physical punishment authorization and penalties are often justified by different rationales and philosophies, today the importance of most states prison system is to reinstate criminal offenders, while other states prison are only interested in incapacitating and punishing criminals, each of these states prison have its own written policy and procedure concerning its operation and management, most states prison system are considered to be tough on criminals while others considered to be merciful, Penitentiary – a prison that was designed and built in order to provide the kind of penitentiary they thought best for rehabilitating prisoners., prison is a place where people are held before their trail or while awaiting punishment. Most prisons are badly maintained and often controlled by negligent prison warders Many people died of diseases like gaol fever, which was a form of typhus.
Within our court systems, there is appeal court, which will handle people that think they are unfairly sentence. This will take some time to happen. We need to have sentencing guideline, to sentences the offender for the right crimes. I believe that sentencing guidelines should play a part in court and corrections. As before, I believe that the guidelines would lean more toward
Mandatory Minimum Sentences Mandatory minimum sentencing laws have been among the more popular crime-fighting measures of recent years. Mandatory minimum sentence refers to the fixed sentence that a judge is forced to deliver to an individual convicted of a crime, neglecting the culpability and other mitigating factors involved in the crime. They are those sentences, which a judicial officer is required to impose no matter what the circumstances of the offence. In other words, the judicial officer has no discretion to impose a higher or lower sentence depending upon the nature of the crime. For example, people convicted of certain crimes must be punished with at least a minimum number of years in prison.
Presumptive sentence is a sentence that exists in many states by statute. It specifies an appropriate sentence for each offense to be used as a baseline for a judge when meting out a punishment. The statutory presumptive sentence is considered along with other relevant factors, aggravating or mitigating circumstances. in determining the actual sentence. Most states have statutory "presumptive guidelines" for major or common offenses.
I believe that convicted felons should be allowed to vote upon release from prison because they exercise good judgment: in addition, withholding their rights to vote would be a violation of the United States Voting Rights act of 1965 and the eighth amendment of the Constitution. I think that some, but not all ex-convicts should be allowed to reinstate their voting rights. This should be judged on a case by case basis according to the crime they committed. Also, it should be based on the magnitude and severity of their crime. At the very least, they should attend and complete a special designed program, go through a waiting period, and take a drug-screened testing regularly before they get their privileges restored.
Prison is used to custody people who violate against the law inorder to deprivale their liberty as a kind of punishment. Separate the law violated citizens from the society to maintain social order, deter others potential offenders from criminal behaviour, and also ensecure the public safety. Nevertheless most of the prisoners will reintegerate to society, we should give them an opportunity to reform, however how to prevent them from recidivate is a pressing issue among the world. In US, it contain the world highest incarceration rate, 7,308,200 up to 2008 were sent to prisons and jails. The report of recidivism rate are vay, in the 2009 Florida prison recidivism study which study the prisoners who were released from 2001 to 2008 showed the
Homework Assignment # 11 – Ethics in Criminal Justice How has penal philosophies shifted within the last few decades? The past two decades have produced a profound and historic shift in the use of imprisonment within the United States. The philosophy towards incarceration and its purpose has shifted from one of rehabilitation between the turn of the century and the middle of the 20th century to a philosophy of deterrence and, more recently, retribution. At one time, it seemed that prison was reserved for violent offenders who posed a threat to public safety and to those who were repeatedly convicted for felonious acts. More recently, a heightened fear of crime among the voting public coupled with economic prosperity has created a criminal
These sanctions gives the options of imprisonment or just simply probationary release back into the community (Maghan, 2004). This will allow the prosecution, the judge, and the correctional official’s the opportunity to apply the appropriate punishment to the offender without the constraints of the traditional choices. However, when looking at the theories of these punishments that have influence these sentencing laws one would look at the politically conservative of the 1980’s and the 1990’s when legislators seized power over sentencing and introduced these laws (Lozoff, 2012). The laws are as
The main goals for indeterminate sentencing are the prevention of new crimes, rehabilitation, and to protect the criminals from excessive, unequal, or random punishments. According to the U.S. Department of Justice (1999), Indeterminate sentencing allows corrections managers to deal with problems of overcrowding or with changes in resource allocation by adjusting policies governing award of good time, setting of parole release dates, or releasing offenders on furloughs or to intermittent or partial confinement (p. 5). It is my opinion that indeterminate sentencing has the potential to change lawbreakers into law-abiding
Roche, D, Mandatory Sentencing, (Canberra: Institute of Criminology, 1999) In this text the evidence for and against mandatory sentencing is examined. The main claims made are by advocates of mandatory sentencing claiming that it prevents crime, it provides consistency in sentencing, and is a democratic response to widespread public concern about crime. Roche questions, however, whether the costs involved justify the small decrease that may be achieved. 5. Australia, Parliament, Senate, Legal and Constitutional Reference Committee, Inquiry into the Human Rights (Mandatory Sentencing for Property Offences) Bill 2000, 2000, Parl Paper.