Imidazole Scaffold Case Study

2.1 Introduction

Imidazole scaffold, a five-membered hetero aromatic compound with two nitrogen atoms arranged at 1 and 3 positions1 is one of the most important substructures of large number of natural products, nucleic acid and pharmacologically active compounds that have gained much attention because of its wide spectrum of applications in the field of biology, chemistry as well as in pharmaceutical industry and is known to use as well known green solvent as ionic liquid, a new approach to “green chemistry”. Being an important pharmacophore of modern drug design and discovery, highly substituted imidazoles exhibit a wide range of biological activities2 such as anti-inflammatory3, antitumor agents, anticonvulsant, anti-allergy4, analgesic5, antifungal, antibiotic, antiulcerative, antibacterial, tranquilizer and antiarthritic. They are potent inhibitors of p38 MAP Kinase6, B-Raf kinase, anti-HIV, calcium antagonist and inhibitors of thromboxane A2 synthesase, HMG CoA reductase (HMGR), heme oxygenase-1 inhibitors. Because of optic and electronic properties7, they are also used as chemiluminescent8 and chromotropic9 materials and in photography as photosensitive compounds. All these properties have rekindled an increased interest in obtaining imidazole derivatives via environmentally benign method.
2.2 Synthesis of Trisubstituted…show more content…
This methodology possesses remarkable advantages such as excellent yields in shorter reaction times, clean reaction, environmentally benign nature, use of non-toxic, readily synthesizable, inexpensive and recyclable