Illusion Versus Reality

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Which is more desirable, a wonderful illusion or a harsh reality? Not that everyone’s reality is harsh, but is it really real? As Plato pointed out in his allegory of the cave, many people who are part of an illusion take that illusion as their reality and will not easily believe that it is in fact an illusion. This is something that is also true in the movie The Matrix, in which only a few people believe the life they are living has an odd tinge to it, something that just doesn’t feel right. These are just two examples of illusion versus reality, which is a fundamental philosophical topic that dates back to the Pre-Socratics. Zeno, a student of Parmenides, believed that change is merely an illusion. He used paradoxes to prove his points, and to prove that change or motion is an illusion he used the paradox of Achilles and the tortoise. In this paradox Achilles is going to race a tortoise, but being so confident in his abilities he gives the tortoise a head start. Zeno then states that Achilles can never catch the tortoise, because every time Achilles covers half the distance the tortoise will have moved farther away. Then when he covers half the distance again, the tortoise will have moved a little bit further, so according the Zeno, Achilles could never catch and pass the tortoise because the tortoise keeps extending the distance every time Achilles cuts the distance in half. The reality of the paradox is that change or motion doesn’t behave in the manner Zeno describes, so it is possible for Achilles to catch and pass the tortoise. Although, Zeno would say that the illusion is the image of Achilles passing the tortoise. At the time, Zeno was of the belief that everyone was living in an illusory world in which they interpreted change, yet Zeno’s reality was that there is no change. Unfortunately for Zeno’s legacy, science has debunked his reality,

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