Chemical equations are written with the symbols of materials to include elements, ionic or covalent compounds, aqueous solutions, ions, or particles. There is an arrow pointing to the right that indicates the action of the reaction. The materials to the left of the arrow are the reactants, or materials that are going to react. The materials to the right of the arrow are the products, or materials that have been produced by the reaction. There are five main types of chemical reactions: synthesis, decomposition, combustion, single displacement, and double displacement.
Phenolphthalein) is used to show the equivalence point has reached by changing colours. Titration experiments are used to determine the concentration of an acid or a base, if either acid or base concentration known, the other unknown concentration can be find out by measuring how much it takes to neutralize, which is a useful experiment. The Bronsted-Lawry theory about acid and base, describes as follows; an acid a proton (hydrogen ion) donor, a base is a proton (hydrogen ion) acceptor, or any component that can transfer proton to any other component is and acid and any component that accepts the proton is base. The theory says a substance can function as an acid only when a base is presented, and also other way round, a substance can only function as a base in the present of an acid. This theory consider a large
Measuring acid reactions Introduction: This experiment review will show how different each acid reaction is different from each other. There were two different experiments; one measures the temperature of the reaction and the other measures the pH level. The reaction can be endothermic or exothermic. The differences between them are simple; exothermic puts out energy which makes it warm to touch. As for endothermic the reactions pulls in energy and makes it cold to touch.
AS Applied Science (Chemistry) Unit 3: Finding out about substances Part 1: Qualitative analysis of compounds Introduction ____________________________________________________________ __________ Description of the investigation..................................................................................................................... Page 2 Description and importance of flame tests..................................................................................................... Page2 Background ____________________________________________________________ __________ The Composition of matter or materials…………………………………………………............................... Page 3 Description of the sub-particles of an atom …………………………………………………………………. Page 4 Example and definition of an ion ………………………………………………………………………….... Page 4 List of some metals with symbols ………………………………………………………………………........
SCH3U0 Name: ______________________________ Unit: Quantities in Chemical Reactions ______________________________ Determining the Chemical Formula of a Hydrate Section | Criteria | Marks | Procedure | * Numerical list describing a logical procedure * Written in past tense * All steps are included * Instruction for measurements and a list of equipment are included * Safety and clean-up are included | 00000 | 11111 | 2 | 3 | Results | * Tables titled, formatted and labelled correctly (tables numbered & titled at top) and includes all data * Correct Calculations are included | 00 | 11 | | | Analysis | * Question #1 a (calculations included) * Question #1 b (yes/no with explanation) * Question #2 (calculations included) * Question #3 (explanation included) * Question #4 a (calculations included) * Question #4 b (explanation included) | 000000 | 111111 | 22222 | | | * Question #5 a (explanation included) * Question #5 b (explanation included) * Question #6 a * Question #6 b * Question #7 a * Question #7 b | 000000 | 111111 | | | Conclusion | * Restate the purpose * Significant findings are stated | 0 | 1 | |
This standardized solution of sodium hydroxide can then be used to determine the concentration of acid in the sample of gastric juice. Acid-base titration is when a titration is carried out with a known volume of a strong acid which in this case is HCl, of unknown concentration, with a standard solution of a strong base NaOH. The reaction taking place is: HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(aq) A titration can be used to find the concentration of an acid in gastric juices because the acidity in the gastric juices is mainly caused by hydrochloric
Acid and Base Titration Aim: To determine the concentration of a dilute solution of sodium hydroxide which is approximately 0.1 mol dm-3 Introduction: Titration is an example of redox reaction and is a process of chemical analysis in which the quantity of some constituent of a sample is determined by adding to the measured sample an exactly known quantity of another substance with which the desired constituent reacts in a definite, known proportion. The process involves the gradual adding of standard solution of titrating reagent from a burette. The addition is stopped when the equivalence point is reached. From this point an exact equivalent of titrant will be added to the earlier solution. The completion of the reaction is marked by some signal; this signifies the end point.
In this experiment, you will study temperature changes caused by the evaporation of several liquids and relate the temperature changes to the strength of intermolecular forces of attraction. You will use the results to predict, and then measure, the temperature change for several other liquids. You will encounter two types of organic compounds in this experiment—alkanes and alcohols. The two alkanes are pentane, C5H12, and hexane, C6H14. In addition to carbon and hydrogen atoms, alcohols also contain the -OH functional group.
TITRATION OF AN ACID (A PREPARED STANDARD SOLUTION OF KH₅O₄C₈) AGAINST A BASE (NAOH) USING PHENOLPHTHALEIN AS AN INDICATOR BY GRACE The aim of this experiment is to prepare a standard solution of potassium hydrogen phthalate (KH₅O₄C₈) and then use it to calculate the concentration of sodium hydroxide by titrating the acid (KH₅O₄C₈) against the base (NaOH). Before the whole experiment could take place, some apparatus were needed which included the following; A weighing balance, burette, pipette, a conical flask, clamp and then the setup was as below; THEORY To calculate for the moles of KH₅O₄C₈, I used n (mol) =m (g)/M (gmol⁻ⁱ (JOHN GREEN AND SADRU DAMJI, PG 6 OF CHAPTER 1.THIRD EDITION). Whereby m=mass of the acid, M=molar mass of the acid and n=number of moles. Molar mass of KH₅O₄C₈ is 204.1g/mol and its mass is 1g Therefore=1g/204.1gmol⁻ⁱ n=0.0048996mol Further more, to calculate for the concentration of the acid, I used C(moldm⁻3.) =n (mol)/v (dm3) Whereby c=concentration, n=number of moles and v=volume used.
Diprotic Acid Abstract: In this experiment, the total amount of acid neutralized by a solution containing both Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 was determined followed by using the information to calculate the concentrations of carbonate and bicarbonate ions in the solution. This was done by equipping LoggerPro with a pH sensor and a drop counter in order to calculate the pH levels after every single drop. Three titrations were performed for analysis: a titration of a known acid with Bromothymol blue indicator, a titration of an unknown acid with Bromothymol indicator, and a titration of an unknown acid with phenolphthalein. The indicators were added for comparison between color indicators and pH titrations. The results showed that the concentration of Na2CO3 in the unknown acid is between 0.03152M and 0.03924M, and the concentration of NaHCO3 is between 0.02148M and 0.02924M.